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| Visual Arts The visual arts encompass areas such as painting, drawing, sculpture, architecture, photography, printmaking, many design disciplines, as well the decorative arts like textile art and metalwork. |
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The Conspiracy of the Batavians under Claudius Civilis (69 AD)
Author: Rembrandt van Rijn Year: 1661 Location: Nationalmuseum, Stockholm ![]() The Batavian rebellion took place in the Roman province of Germania Inferior between 69 and 70. The rebels led by Gaius Julius Civilis managed to destroy four legions and inflict humiliating defeats on the Roman army. After their initial successes, a massive Roman army led by Quintus Petillius Cerialis eventually defeated them. Following peace talks, the situation was normalized, but Batavia had to cope with humiliating conditions and a legion stationed permanently within her lands.
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"Do not be suprised, my friend, that I long so much for remote lands in which people feel immensely rich with very little; it is true that I live in Rome enjoying a life of fame and prestige, but it is also true that I was born from Celts and Iberians." --Marcus Valerius Martialis, Epigrammata Last edited by Ferran; Monday, February 26th, 2007 at 19:41. |
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La Rendición de Breda or Las Lanzas (The Surrender of Breda - June, 1625)
Author: Diego Velázquez Year: 1635 Location: Museo del Prado, Madrid ![]() This was one of the paintings of war scenes or Spanish military victories that decorated the so- called Kingdoms Hall at Madrid's Buen Retiro Palace. Since the palace was built for Philip IV, Velázquez, who was his artistic advisor and Court Painter, was placed in charge of decorating it. He chose to represent the victory of Spanish armies in paintings he would do for the lateral walls of the large hall. Portraits on horseback of the king's parents, the king himself, his wife and his heir would preside over the hall at the front end. All these paintings are now at the Prado Museum. The commemorative canvases of the different victories where commissioned to different painters. Velázquez reserved the celebration of the surrender of the Dutch city of Breda in 1625 for himself (Holland would gain independence from Spain only fifteen years later). The painting is a marvel in sage composition, organized into two groups -that of the victors and that of the vanquished- each of which is reined in by the figure of a horse; they both form a kind of parentheses which frames the scene, which is centred on the embrace between the Spaniard, Ambrosio de Spinola and Justine of Nassau for the Dutch.
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"Do not be suprised, my friend, that I long so much for remote lands in which people feel immensely rich with very little; it is true that I live in Rome enjoying a life of fame and prestige, but it is also true that I was born from Celts and Iberians." --Marcus Valerius Martialis, Epigrammata Last edited by Ferran; Monday, February 26th, 2007 at 19:43. |
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La muerte de Viriato (The death of Viriathus - 139 BC)
Author: José de Madrazo Year: 1808/18 Location: Museo del Prado, Madrid ![]() This large canvas initiated the interest in historical themes that were so characteristic of the 19th Century. In it José de Madrazo evokes the death of Viriato, the famous guerrilla leader who put up strong resistance to the Romans in the Iberian Peninsula in the second Century B.C. The Romans finally bribed two of his soldiers to kill him while he slept. José de Madrazo presents the leader dead on his warrior's cot, surrounded by the sadness of some of his followers, the anger of others and the immediate decision of vengance of the two leaving the tent. Madrazo, who painted this canvas in Rome over a period of several years, left in it one of the finest examples of the neo-classical style and its most outstanding features: the importance of drawing, common to the academic training of these artists; a certain carelessness regarding colour, and the almost sculptural air of the figures. The neo-classical painters, hoping to resuscitate the aesthetic postulates of Greco-Roman antiquity, tended to be inspired- since there were no paintings from that time- by sculptures and classical ceramics, linear and devoid of colour.
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"Do not be suprised, my friend, that I long so much for remote lands in which people feel immensely rich with very little; it is true that I live in Rome enjoying a life of fame and prestige, but it is also true that I was born from Celts and Iberians." --Marcus Valerius Martialis, Epigrammata Last edited by Ferran; Monday, February 26th, 2007 at 19:31. |
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Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa (July 16, 1212)
The Archbishop Primate of Toledo, Ximénez de Rada, obtained the blessings for a Crusade from Pope Innocence III and then went on through Western Europe preaching the Crusade. The Hispanic kings Alfonso VIII of Castille, Sancho VII of Navarre and Pere II of Aragon and Catalonia attended the Crusade with their armies. The kings Alfonso IX of Leon and Alfonso II of Portugal were at war with each other, but they sent contingents to help the Crusade. The knights and soldiers from Germany, England, France, Italy and other parts (some 70,000) were under the leadership of Don Diego López de Haro, Lord of Biscay. During the advance of the Christian army and after the take of the first garrisoned town, the Hispanic kings allowed the population to leave, as it was customary in the Spanish kingdoms since the times of El Cid. This Hispanic gesture of magnanimity upset the foreign knights who were accustomed to butcher and pillaged the conquered populations, and they defected from the Crusade. In their way back home, they razed some small areas and tried to take Toledo. But the garrison left there by the King of Castille repelled their attack. The battle took place eventually on July 16, 1212. The Hispanic armies alone engaged in a fight against a huge army of some 250,000 Almohads. The Hispanic contingent is calculated in some 60,000 Castilians plus 50,000 from the rest of the Hispanic kingdoms and of the Hispanic military orders. The violent attack of the Spanish crushed the Muslims and they arrived to the tent of the Caliph Abu Abd Allh Muhammad al-Nasir, Prince of the Believers. King Sancho of Navarre was the first to jump over the chains and the Black slaves that protected the tent of the Caliph. The Muslims went on the run persecuted by the Spanish. Author: Francisco de Paula van Halen Year: 1864 Location: Palacio del Senado. Madrid, Spain ![]()
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'Dardanidae duri, quae uos a stirpe parentum prima tulit tellus, eadem uos ubere laeto
accipiet reduces. Antiquam exquirite matrem: hic domus Aeneae cunctis dominabitur oris, et nati natorum, et qui nascentur ab illis.' We can easily forgive a child who is afraid of the dark; the real tragedy of life is when men are afraid of the light. –Plato– |
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The victory of Lepanto, 1571
Author : Veronese Year : 1571-1581 Location : British Museum, London ![]()
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"Their trumpets again are of a peculiar barbarian kind; they blow into them and produce a harsh sound which suits the tumult of war." Droit du sang : la nationalité française est transmise par filiation paternelle ou maternelle légitime ou naturelle, en France ou à l'étranger sans aucune condition autre que l'établissement légal de la filiation pendant la minorité de l'enfant (Art. 18 et 18-1 du Code Civil – Art. 20-1 du Code civil).
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Last edited by Carnyx; Saturday, June 2nd, 2007 at 14:04. |
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The Surrender of Granada, 1492
Author : Francisco Pradilla Y Ortiz Year : 1882 Location : Palacio de las Cortes, Madrid (?) ![]()
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"Their trumpets again are of a peculiar barbarian kind; they blow into them and produce a harsh sound which suits the tumult of war." Droit du sang : la nationalité française est transmise par filiation paternelle ou maternelle légitime ou naturelle, en France ou à l'étranger sans aucune condition autre que l'établissement légal de la filiation pendant la minorité de l'enfant (Art. 18 et 18-1 du Code Civil – Art. 20-1 du Code civil).
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Last edited by Carnyx; Sunday, July 30th, 2006 at 00:55. |
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Sobieski pod Wiedniem (Siege of Vienna - September 12, 1683)
Author: Juliusz Kossak Year: 1883 Location: Muzeum Narodowe, Warszawa ![]() Attempted capture of Vienna by Ottoman Turkey. On appeal from the Hungarian Calvinists to attack the Habsburg capital, the Turkish grand vizier, Kara Mustafa (163483), and his army of 150,000 laid siege to Vienna in July 1683, after capturing its outer fortifications. Pope Innocent XI convinced John III Sobieski of Poland to lead a combined army of 80,000 to relieve the siege. On Sept. 12, 1683, Sobieski, aided by Charles of Lorraine, led the attack from the surrounding hills and after 15 hours drove the Turks from their trenches around the city. Thousands were slaughtered or taken prisoner. The event marked the beginning of the decline of Turkish domination in eastern Europe.
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"Do not be suprised, my friend, that I long so much for remote lands in which people feel immensely rich with very little; it is true that I live in Rome enjoying a life of fame and prestige, but it is also true that I was born from Celts and Iberians." --Marcus Valerius Martialis, Epigrammata Last edited by Ferran; Monday, February 26th, 2007 at 19:40. |
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Olav den Helliges død (Battle of Stiklestad - July 29, 1030)
Author: Peter Nicolai Arbo Year: 1859 Location: Nordnorsk Kunstmuseum, Tromsø ![]()
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"Do not be suprised, my friend, that I long so much for remote lands in which people feel immensely rich with very little; it is true that I live in Rome enjoying a life of fame and prestige, but it is also true that I was born from Celts and Iberians." --Marcus Valerius Martialis, Epigrammata Last edited by Ferran; Monday, February 26th, 2007 at 19:56. |
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The Duel between Peresvet and Chelubei (September 8, 1380)
Author: Mikhail Avilov Year: 1943 Location: ? ![]()
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"Do not be suprised, my friend, that I long so much for remote lands in which people feel immensely rich with very little; it is true that I live in Rome enjoying a life of fame and prestige, but it is also true that I was born from Celts and Iberians." --Marcus Valerius Martialis, Epigrammata Last edited by Ferran; Sunday, July 30th, 2006 at 20:33. |
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Léonidas aux Thermopyles (Battle of the Thermopyles, 480 BC)
Author : Jacques-Louis David Year : 1814 Location : Musée du Louvre, Paris
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"Their trumpets again are of a peculiar barbarian kind; they blow into them and produce a harsh sound which suits the tumult of war." Droit du sang : la nationalité française est transmise par filiation paternelle ou maternelle légitime ou naturelle, en France ou à l'étranger sans aucune condition autre que l'établissement légal de la filiation pendant la minorité de l'enfant (Art. 18 et 18-1 du Code Civil – Art. 20-1 du Code civil).
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Last edited by Carnyx; Sunday, July 30th, 2006 at 15:37. |
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The leaders of the two armies clashes. The kings banner, a gold snake on white background. Probably Thore Hunds banner to the right, gold gryphon on red background. Gryphon kills snake. Thore Hund in ganned sami reindeer coat, with the spear Avaldsbane. From the belt hangs some reindeer knuckles, to symbolize the magic of the robe. No steel could bite on that, even if the king struck Thore several times, the sword did no harm. A dead man lays between Thore and the king. That is Bjørn Stallare, the kings "prime minister", that tried to defend the king with a sledge, (edges would not bite) before Thore felled him. Thore also wears sami shoes, "komager" symbolizing correctly his close contact or symbiosis with sami. Thore was the northernmost chief living in what now is called Troms. He is considered Northern Norways greatest chief. ![]() Troms county uses Thore Hunds mark as official weaponmark. The dead king is by many considered one of our greatest kings, and was sanctified by the Church as St.Olav. St. Olavs order is the highest knightly order in Norway. Last edited by Savage; Sunday, July 30th, 2006 at 16:19. |
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Dezső feláldozza magát Robert Károlyért (Carol Robert fleeing from Posada - November, 1330)
Author: Molnár József Year: 1855 Location: Magyar Nemzeti Galéria, Budapest ![]() The Battle of Posada (November, 1330) was a battle between the Wallachian Prince Basarab I and Charles I Robert, which resulted in a major Wallachian victory. The Hungarian defeat would be a turning point in the politics of Hungary, as they had to abandon their hopes of extending their kingdom to the Black Sea. For Wallachia, the victory meant the continual survival of the young state. Some historians claim that the Cumans aided the Wallachians in the battle, while the Avars aided the Hungarians.
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"Do not be suprised, my friend, that I long so much for remote lands in which people feel immensely rich with very little; it is true that I live in Rome enjoying a life of fame and prestige, but it is also true that I was born from Celts and Iberians." --Marcus Valerius Martialis, Epigrammata Last edited by Ferran; Tuesday, February 27th, 2007 at 00:35. |
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The Battle of Chesma (July 5, 1770)
Author: Ivan Aivazovsky Year: 1848 Location: The Aivazovsky Art Gallery, Feodosia, Ukraine ![]() The naval Battle of Chesma took place on 5-7 July 1770 near and in Çeşme (Chesma) Bay, in the area between Asia Minor and the island of Chios, the site of a number of past naval battles between Turkey and Venice. It was part of the Orlov Revolt of 1769, a precursor to the later Greek War of Independence (1821-29), and the first of a number of disastrous fleet battles for Turkey against Russia.
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"Do not be suprised, my friend, that I long so much for remote lands in which people feel immensely rich with very little; it is true that I live in Rome enjoying a life of fame and prestige, but it is also true that I was born from Celts and Iberians." --Marcus Valerius Martialis, Epigrammata Last edited by Ferran; Thursday, August 14th, 2008 at 22:54. |