Turanid type and its definition

[Agrippa]

Because I came over this question in another forum, I decided to post pictures and some informations about what the Turanid type is in the system of Eickstedt-Schwidetzky and to inform about the racial composition of Central Asia.

I will add more if I have the time to and find some old copies.

Here some pictures and data from the book:
Turaniden-Studien
from Ilse Schwidetzky
Akademie der Wissenschaften und Literatur 1950

The more Europid form is best represented by Tajiks (= Pamirid) whereas the heavily mixed forms are Aralids, quite common under Uzbeks and the predominantely Mongolid groups of Central Asia represent the Mongolid element, the Tungid type.

So Turanids are in this scheme an Europid type (Pamirid - Dinaroalpinoid morphology) which is known as Aralid in a mixed form with Tungid.

In the South of Central Asia (Turkmens) the Turanid element becomes rare and is substituted by a dolichocephalic Europid type, the Orientalids (Iranid).

[Agrippa]

Probably "Uralid" is not the best place for this, but its at least an acceptable one since many people think of "Turanid" being Uralic.

Here are some Turanid examples, some pure, some mixed of the type which is usually called or precisized with "Pamirid" (A more Dinaro-Alpine or better Taurid Europid subrace), from the book of Ilse Schwidetzky (a scholar of v. Eickstedt) "Turaniden Studien".

I think the base of this race is a special Taurid variant and Asian Alpinoids which mixed later on in many central Asian regions with Mongolid Tungids came in too. This Europid-Mongolid mix which some anthropologists called "Turanid" is in the terminology of v. Eickstedt, if named at all, Aralid (Europid-Tungid mixed).

This was translated by Nordgau:

From Ilse Schwidetzky, Grundlagen der Rassensystematik (Mannheim - Vienna - Zürich 1974), p. 120-122:

Also at the most eastern wing of the European brachymorphics in Asia it are more differences in terminology than in classification which confuse the picture: DENIKER spoke first of a "type touranien". He renamed it later in Race turko-tatar, with Kazakhs and Uzbeks in Turkestan as main representatives, and he placed them to the Mongolids, however with approximation to the Europids. MONTADON (1933) describes them even more emphasized as Europid-Mongolid intermediate race, also v. EICKSTEDT (1934), but now with even more stronger emphasizing of the participation of the Europids, and they are placed with the name Turanids into the greater circle of the Europids. Meanwhile GIUFFRIDA-RUGGERI (1912, 1921) had pointed out that the south of Turkestan was purely Europid, and he seperated here a Pamir race. 1937 then v. EICKSTEDT divided the Turanids in a more Mongolid northern form (Aralids) and a more Europid southern form (Pamirids); but after a more stronger working out of the differences between the Mongolid north and the Europid south of Turkestan (SCHWIDETZKY 1950) the name Turanids went to the Europid form, while for the Mongolid populations of Turkestan no new systematic group was made up, but they were put to the Tungids (v. EICKSTEDT 1952). Hungarian and other anthropologists however kept the name Turanids for the Mongolid-Europid mixed populations of central Asia (LIPTAK 1955). For the south Turkestanic Europids also the name Pamir-Fergana type (YARKHO 1933) is in use, and the Russian anthropologists use today the a bit lengthy name Central Asian Interstream type (comp. GINZBURG, 1966), while the different Latin namings didn't become adopted, just as at other subspecies. They shall be named here just as an example of the terminological chaos which exists because of double and multiple namings in many cases in raceology of man: Homo sapiens indoeuropaeus, var. oxianojaxartensis (OSHANIN); Homo sapiens indoeuropaeus var. turkestanica centralis, subvar. iranoides brachycephalica (OSHANIN); Homo sapiens indoeuropaeus var. parmiro ferganica (YARKHO 1933); Homo sapiens indoeuropaeus brachymorphus pamiriensis (GIUFFRIDA-RUGGERI 1912), Homo sapiens europaeus pamiriensis (v. EICKSTEDT 1937). N. B. According to the rules of nomenclatura there are in fact trinary names designated for subspecies (e. g. homo sapiens europaeus), but no further additions for the naming of infrasubspecifical categories. Thus all of these Latin names cannot claim validity in the sense of nomenclatura rules.

Here some pictures of the type and the various degrees of Mongolid (Tungid) admixture: