The cephalic index in Spain. Map.

[Visigodo]

I hope somebody will find it interesting.

Comments are welcome.

Thanks in advance.

[Agrippa]

Where is the map? I dont see one.

[Visigodo]

So sorry.

I do not know but can not upload the file.


Please, kindly check the map here:


http://www.ucm.es/info/museoana/Colecciones/Craneos/

[Menydh]

Ja els afegeix jo mateix.

Summary of cranea in the Museum of Anthropological Museum Antropology, until 1896


Keywords

calaveras = skulls
varones = male
hembras = women
de procedencia conocida = of known procedence

[Menydh]

Map of cephalometric index

[Menydh]

Metopic suture


Male from Madrid of 33 y/o

[Visigodo]

Moltes gracies Occità.


If anybody want to see some spanish skulls at the botton of the page there is a searching system. You can put a province name in the white space (example Orense, Burgos etc.-the name of the provinces are in the map-), and then click "buscar" (search) after click "ver imagenes" (see images) and later the skulls will appear. Enjoy.

[Menydh]

emh.. som de la mateixa terra.. de fet crec que visc molt propet de tú.

By the way, I've been trying to make sense to the way in that the cranial indices are divided in the map, but I can't.

Well, some make sense, for instance a difference between the 2 Basque territories of Guipuzcoa and Biscay, and the also Basque territory of Alava. And even the similar indices for Guipuzcoa and Biscay, and Navarra. But that should apply only to Northern Navarra, in my scheme.

Then, the discontinuity between Northern Navarra and Huesca, again, is strange to me.

Same with a similar index range in Coastal Valencia and the Valencian Castillian territories inland, which should cluster with Cuenca.

Probably the sample population was very small and much localized, and assumed that administrative province are always even?

And, how would you explain that the lands of Valencia don't cluster with the province of Lleida, if the repopulation came mainly from there (Montpelhier too)?

[Visigodo]

M'alegra saber que som paisans. Jo visc en un poble de l'Horta Nord.

Si vols podem quedar algun dia per a xarrar una estona a València i prendre una cervesa. El que passa és que ara estic de viatge de treball i tornaré a final de mes. De totes maneres m'alegraria parlar una estona o intercanviar material antropològic. Inclús entre els meus camarades no hi ha molts a què els interesse el tema.



Well, the map shows averages values between provinces and that can make some doubts, the best thing it would be to make a map with districts or parts of the coutry (“comarcas”), in that case, we can see if exists cephalic index differences among the districts, for example between the districts of Requena-Utiel and another coastal district. Or for exemple between the border of Castellón ( North Valencian Community) and Tarragona (South Catalonia) were there is not any difference.



Or one could see the differences that can exist between the “euskaldun” Navarre and the Aragonese Navarre. Huesca, I remember that Hoyos Sáinz inserted it racially better in the Aragonese area than in the “euskaldun” Navarre, as well as Soria and Gudalajara, fit better in the Aragon racial area, not alone for the cephalic index but also for other characters, for example the proportion of blond and light eyes and the stature is bigger in the Aragon racial are than in “Castile the Old”. I cannot tell you more because I don't have the books with me, when it returns home from my trip (end of this month) I will be able to enlarge more the information.



The Oloriz’s map is based on its work “Distribution of the cephalic index in Spain”(“Distribución del índice cefálico en España”.) from 1894, but to have a better vision of this matter it is necessary to study other works, especially the one make by Dr. Luis Sánchez Fernández in which 115.000 men (military age) were also studied more than 100 years ago, this information is also good because we can be quite sure that there is not influences regarding the internal migrations of the last century. Also very important it is to see the books of Aranzadi and the works of Hoyos Saínz, or the analysis made by Dr. Misael Bañuelos in his work “Present Anthropology of the Spaniards” (“Antropología actual de los españoles”.) made in the middle of the last century.



As for the differences of cephalic index that can be between Valencia and Lérida, in the first place I would have to tell you that the repopulation (repoblación) is not so simple, about two years ago a book of 1200 pages “The founders of the Kingdom of Valencia”, “Els fundadors del Regne de València” from Enric Guinot (I will place a summary of the book in the forum Ibero-romance subforum if you want to see it, but you can also see it in the forum Hispanirmo.org) Here a lot of people from the western Catalonia came but also form the oriental Catalonia, also people from Aragon, Navarre, occitans etc. But the biggest amount of the repopulation was Catalan. The differences of cephalic index between the Valencian community and Catalonia I think that they can be due:



1) Because also participated in the repopulation a lot of people from Aragon (quite dolicocephalic).

2) In Catalonia it was during the XVII century some repopulations coming from France, something more braquicephalic that can have changed something the medieval cephalic index in Catalonia, in fact in Lérida we find the district of Balaguer that is presented as an braquicephalic island.



Anyway in the Aranzadi’s books we find other common features between valencians and Catalans as the stature etc. and I have a news at home about genetic similarities between peoples from Catalonia and Valencia. Finally also check that the differences in the cephalic index are really small it doesn't arrive to be bigger than two points. It you compare the German differences between Schlewig Holstein 78 and those from Pflaz and Baviera 88 the difference is 10 points, in France the difference is 11 points between the most brachycephalic land and the more dolicocephalic, without including Corsica.

[Visigodo]

I got some more maps. The map "Altura relativa del craneo" means "Skull relative height".

Masc. is masculine.
Femen. is femenine.
Por bajo: below.
Por alto: over.

Sorry the quality is not good but are pictures made on xeroxcopies.


I wil try to resume the maps but please keep in mind that is a very short summary:


GALICIA, ASTURIAS.- Predominate a braquicephalic type. Skull wide-short and low sculled. (Alpinoid). There is also another type dolico-mesocephalic, long and probably low-sculled (Nordoid).
CANTABRIA (Santander).- Predominate a braquicephalic type (Alpinoid). Skull wide-short and low sculled. But there is also another type with skull wide-short and high skulled (Litorid?).
BASK COUNTRY: Predominate a mesocephalic type: Medium elongation and typically low sculled. (Baskoid type).
CASTILLA Y LEON. Predominate a moderate dolicocephalic type, with tendency to be narrow, elongate and low sculled. (Ibero-insular type)
EXTREMADURA: Predominate a moderate braquicephalic type. Wide-short and high sculled. (Alpinoid-litorid?).
CASTILLA LA MANCHA.- Predominate a mesocephalic type. Medium short, Medium elongation and with high skulled. (Local Mediterranean type), in Toledo almost braquicephalic.
ARAGON.- Predominate a dolicocephalic type. Narrow, elongate and high skulled. (Mediterranid type Ibero-insular/Atlanto-mediterranean blends).
LA RIOJA: There is two predominant types: One Mesocephalic and low skulled (Baskoid) and other dolicocephalic, elongate and high skulled (Mediterranean type).
CATALUÑA.- There is several types. Predominate as average a mesocephalic type.(Atlanto-mediterranean/Ibero-insular slightly mixed with alpinoid) More dolicocephalic in Lleida, especially in the south and also in Girona. In Lleida predominate a type with skull narrow, elongate but with tendency to be low skulled. In Tarragona also predominate a dolicocephalic type,with skull narrow, elongate and high skulled but there is also low skulled types. In the Pyrinees predominate the dolicocephalic type. In Lleida is possible to observe braquicephalic islands as in Balaguer. Barcelona is a very mixed province and can be observe several types.
VALENCIAN COMMUNITY: Predominate a dolicocephalic type. Skull narrow, elongate and high skulled. (Atlanto-mediterranean/ Ibero insular blends)
EASTERN ANDALUCIA.- Predominate a mesocephalic type but narrow and high skulled. (Local Mediterranean type)
WESTERN ANDALUCIA.- Predominate a type with braquicephalic tendency like in Extremadura. Skull wide, short and high skulled. (Local Mediterranean type/Litorid? mixed).

[Agrippa]

Whats again the explanation for this map?

[Visigodo]

Originally Posted by Agrippa

Whats again the explanation for this map?

Just to show where the provinces are located.

[Agrippa]

Originally Posted by Visigodo

Just to show where the provinces are located.

I wondered about the "coloring"...

[Agrippa]

Some maps for comparison from Rainer Knußmann, Vergleichende Biologie des Menschen, 2nd edition 1996.
One showing the NI (nasal index), the other the LBI (length-breadth-index), both maps are modified but after Biasutti.
http://forum.stirpes.net/attachment....1&d=1119984541
http://forum.stirpes.net/attachment....1&d=1119984541



Bertil Lundman, Umriss der Rassenkunde des Menschen in geschichtlicher Zeit.
Body height:
http://forum.stirpes.net/attachment....1&d=1119984541
LBI:
http://forum.stirpes.net/attachment....1&d=1119984541
HLI:
http://forum.stirpes.net/attachment....1&d=1119984541

Lundman classified most of Spain with darker pigmentation as being "Saharid"/South Mediterranid and the North "West Mediterranid" with Littorid influences in the South West, Baskid in the Basque area, Beride in the North and South, but none in the centre. (Berids and Palaeatlantids also in North Africa, so commonly Berberid types are described as being PA and Ber after Lundman).