Bulgarian Empire

[ImperiaBG]

Bulgarian Empire After the first Bulgarian state was created by Kanasubigi Asparuh in 680-681 the situation was quite worrying considering that it had strong hostile neighbours near every border-avars to the west,Eastern Roman empire to the south and the khazars to the east on the Dnieper border which had already conquered Old great Bulgaria and made Kubrat's sons separate with a part of the nation.

Asparuh fell in a battle with the Khazars on the Dnieper border and his son Tervel took power.The eastern roman empire continued to pay tax every year which it did since the treaty with which it recognised the creation of Danube Bulgaria.During Tervel's reign the state didn't have any serious expansion except the region Zagore(shown in bright yellow) which Justinian II gave to Tervel for helping him cease the throne in Constantinople.He later tried to retake the region but was defeated,also Tervel sent major forces which destroyed a huge portion of the arabs at land in 717 when they sieged Constantinople and hoped later to continue in Europe.

The later period in which ruled Kormesii and Sevar was mostly peaceful but since the rule of Vineh a period of crisis started.In Bulgaria there were three royal families-Dulo(the leaders until now were all from it),Vokil and Ugain and each one of them wanted to place a person as a leader of the state.They also had different views in the foreign politics-the house of Vokil wanted peace with the eastern roman empire,while Dulo and Ugain demanded war to be declared and new lands be taken.There are many rulers during this period and from different houses,the eastern roman empire tried to destroy the state several times but always failed.
At the time of Telerig and Kardam the state started to exit the period of civil war between the factions and reorganised itself.

After Kardam Krum(803-814) took power,it is assumed he was one of the pannonian Bulgars.He started the centralisation of the state.In these times the Avar khaganate to the west was fracturing and further weakened by the frankish empire,this was a perfect moment to deal with it with minimal losses and Krum sent the Bulgarian armies to destroy it.Until 805 the avars were completely subdued.At the middle Danube Bulgaria now became a neighbour of the frankish empire and secured valuable deposits of silver ore and salt in the carpathian mountains.



Krum then turned his attention south,he sieged and took the city of Serdica(now Sofia-the capital of Bulgaria) and also gained some territories along the Struma valley.This drew the attention of the roman emperor Nicephoros I who eventually lost his head after taking a massive force aiming to destroy Bulgaria.Krum fought also many more battles and sieged and took many cities along the Black sea coas,even took Adrianople and other cities close to Constantinople but he died and the circumstances for the death are unknown.

His son Omurtag(814-831) realised that his people were more than exausted form these wars,so he signed a 30-year long peace treaty which was gladly accepted by the eastern roman emperor.He had huge building plans and used the peaceful period to realise them-many new cities were built and rebuilt others fortified,he also built ramparts along the borders one of which was more than 116 kilometres.He left many stone inscriptions carrying information about the period of his rule.

Even if a man lives well he dies and another is born.And when the one who is born last sees the majesty of his ancestors and reads this may he remember the one who wrote it.
Generally during his rule trade flourished and the state completely recovered.

However there was a conflict with the frankish empire to the west which wanted to take some territories along the east bank of the Danube inhabited by slavs,their chiefs also wanted to separate.Omurtag sent an army along the Danube chased away the franks and subdued the tribes by sending the chiefs into exile and placing Bulgars in command.Also he was forced to ptotect his northeastern border from the magyars which he also defeated and restored the Dnieper border.
He also made a new system of ruling Bulgaria by dividing the territory into new regions called komitati each one of which was ruled by a man he trusted and kept only the territory around Pliska(the capital) under his direct command.Centralisation of the state was now full and the royal families disappeared.

Afer Omurtag his son Malamir came to power,he was still young and the ruler was actually the regent Isbul who took the region of Phillipopolis( yellow on the map below).Malamir was killed by his brother Zvinitsa who wanted to avenge him(Omurtag had three sons-Enravota,Zvinitsa and Malamir.The oldest of the three Enravota became a christian and that's why Omurtag forbid him to rule,he was later executed by Malamir when he took power)

The next ruler was the son of Zvinitsa Presian but he was also very young and the regent was again Isbul.During his reign further expansion followed as shown on the map(red):

[ImperiaBG]

Khan Kubrat golden treasure in Malaya Pereshchepina, Ukraine

The discovery of a hoard in 1912 in the neighbourhood of Poltava near the village of Malaya Pereshchepina was not in itself a rare event, but in its wealth and diversity this hoard far exceeds all others. It is rightfully regarded as one of the richest finds from the period of the migrations.
Dated to the period between the ancient world and the 7th century AD, the hoard is thought to have belonged to Kuvrat (or Kubrat), Khan of Great Bolgary. The treasure is uncommonly rich, consisting of over 800 pieces, mainly of gold (total weight over 25 kg) and silver (over 50 kg), including 16 gold and 19 silver vessels, a gold rhyton and the remains of another rhyton, the gold facing of a wooden jug, a staff with gold facing, a well-preserved iron sword with an end in the form of a ring and gold facing on the hilt and scabbard, fragments of swords and daggers, gold and silver parts of belts, gold jewellery - a torque, an earring, 7 bracelets and 7 rings with inlays of precious stones (amethysts, sapphires, tiger-eyes, garnets, rock crystal and emeralds), a necklace of gold Byzantine coins, plaques and coins which were for sewing onto clothing, and square gold plaques for the facing of a wooden funeral construction.
The Khazar khanate existed during the early medieval period in the area between the Sea of Azov and the Caspian Sea, and excavations of burial grounds and settlements have produced many interesting finds. Most important are the items from the Khazar fortress of Sarkel (834-965) and the Slavic town of Belaya Vezha (existed up to 1173), such as weapons (a flail and arrow-heads), farming tools, domestic objects and ornaments (silver plaques for clothing and belts, ornamented articles of bone, pottery, bronze lamps and glass beads). The imported articles are of no less interest, including a bone comb from a Byzantine workshop and a chess piece (a bishop) from India. Other Khazar fortresses produced stone blocks with drawings and signs.
The burial mounds of the Alans and Bolgars, vassals of the Khazars, also produced rich materials - pottery, farming and blacksmith's tools, and mirrors and amulets found in female burials. There are also 12th century domestic objects and stone steles from the Polovtsy.

and the ring of Kuvrat(Horvat)




The one ring says - "to Horvat". And the other says "to Horvat the patrciium"

[ImperiaBG]

The bulgarian calendar

It is known that the ancient Bulgarians knew the basic laws of motion of the planets and the Earth around the Sun perfectly, and because of that they possess the most impeccable calendar ever created.

The ancient Bulgarian calendar is based on observations of Jupiter and the Sun and is more precise than the modern Western(Gregorian) calendar we use today.

Under the ancient Bulgarian Calendar system, the year has 365 (or 366) days, 4 quarters, 52 weeks and 13 months, of which the 13-th consists of only 1 day (the New Year Day). Therefore, every year, the same date always falls on the same day of the week! In the 1970s, non-Bulgarian scientists raised the question in UNESCO, whether this calendar should be proclaimed the one for the entire world.

"The ancient Bulgarian calendar proves to be the most accurate calendar system in existence." - UNESCO

In the ancient Bulgarian chronology, there are periods of 3, 10, 12, 17, 19, 21, 30, 47, 50, 53, 300, 600, 4332, etc. ancient Bulgarian years that are used both as denominators and intervals of time. The longest one is of 6328 ancient Bulgarian years. It is mentioned in the fragmentary inscription of Khan Omurtag and refers to the year 823 AD. The text consists of 14 lines, probably the concluding part of a contract between Danube Bulgaria and the Eastern Roman Empire. The inscription is carved with beautiful letters on a marble stone most probably from the capital town of Pliska. Here is what it reads:

“[…of the ruler] the name is [Khan Omurtag Juvigi]. The year of the appearance of the true god was
6328. They made a sacrifice and they swore in the written in the books [mutual contracts]…”

This historic source may be accepted as a proof of the early beginning of the chronology of the Bulgarian calendar. According to the counts of the great Bulgarian historian Professor Vassil Zlatarski the beginning is the year 5505 BC Therefore, we can calculate that the year, 2001 AD, is the year 7506 of the ancient Bulgarian chronology. Thus, the Bulgarians are the people with the most ancient system of measuring time – a fact, which indicates their early civilizing force.

Animal figures of the ancient Bulgarian calendar: 1. Bore, Swine, Pig {In Bulgarian: Dok(s)}
2. Mouse {In Bulgarian: Karan, Sursu, Somor, Shashi}
3. Ox {In Bulgarian: Volyach, Buza, Bison, Shegor}
4. Snow Leopard {In Bulgarian: Bars, Parus, Boris}
5. Hare {In Bulgarian: Dvansh}
6. Dragon {In Bulgarian: Ver, Kala, Hala, Drakon, Lamya}
7. Snake {In Bulgarian: Attila, Dilom, Slav}
8. Horse {In Bulgarian: Alasha, Tag, Tek, Tih}
9. Monkey {In Bulgarian: Maimun(a), Pisin, Shebek}
10. Ram {In Bulgarian: Rassate, Saver, Sever}
11. Rooster {In Bulgarian: Tah, Toh}
12. Dog {In Bulgarian: Kuche, Eth, Iht, Mugel}

[ImperiaBG]

OLD GREAT BULGARIA
(KUBRAT BULGARIA)

T The Bulgarian state in north Caucas and the Northern side of the Black Sea was founded by Kanasubigi Avitohol in 165 AD.It was named afterone of th emain Bulgarian tribes Onoghuria.In the Caucasian Avar language Onoghuria means "Everlasting".Somepeople try to derive the name from the Turkic On(ten) and Ghur(arrow) that would mean that the coutry's name was Ten arrows.I believe that Everlasting is more likely to be the name.
There is little information about the country until 632 Ad, when Great Bulgaria became one of the strongest states in Eastern Europe (besides Byzantine).
We only know the names of some rulers before Kubrat - Avitohol,Irnik,Gostun....The country had close relation with Byzantine,Armenia and Alania. There are some theories that Atilla was Bulgarian.
Here'sa little information about The earliest migrations of Bugarians from Caucas to the Balkans and taking place in fights:

480 AD - The bulgarians help Emperor Zenon.
486 AD - The Bulgarians fight in thrace agains the king of ostgoths Teodorih the Great as allies of Byzantine.
488 AD - The Bulgarian ruler Buzan and the ruler of the Grpids Trapstila fight with the goths near the river Sava.
499 AD - The Bulgarians win a fight with a 15 000 Byzantine army near river Tsurta(In Bulgarian tsurt - crooked-kriv so this would mean that it was near Kriva reka/Crooked river/ or the town of Kriva palanka). "Since then - writes Komes Martselin(sp?) - the glory of Illiriks army was lost."
502 AD - A large Bulgarian army , coming from illyria attacks Thrace, the Byzantines don't fight them.
504 Ad - The ruler of Great Bulgaria gathers his army and after he conquers Dacia and Panonia enters illyria and Thrace.The Bulgarian kings of Dunabe Bulgaria concider this year (504) the settling of Bulgarians on the Balkan Paninsula and the establishing of Bulgaria.

THEOPHANES:
"It is necessary to mention the past of the Unogundurs-Bulgars and the Kotrags. In the northern parts of the Euxine (Black) Sea, in the so called Lake of Meotida flows an enormous river, called Atel (Volga), descending from the Ocean through the land of the Sarmatians. The river called Tanais (Don), which has its beginning in the Iberian gates in the Caucasus mountains, empties into it (Volga). The jointing of Atel and Tanais creates the river, called Kuphis, which runs into the Pontus, near the Necropiles (the modern Karintski bay, near the south-west coast of Crimea), near the cape called Krioproson (Sheep snout). From the above mentioned lake begins a strait-like sea, running into the Euxine Pontus thought the land of the Crimean Bosporus (the modern Straits of Kerch). The so called fish Murzuli and other similar fish is fished for there, and along the eastern coast of that lake, around Phanagoria and the dwelling there Jews, live many peoples. From the same lake up to the Kuphis river, where the Bulgarian fish xiston is fished for, is situated the old Great Bulgaria and the so called Kotrags, who are also of the same tribe."

[Monolith]

and the ring of Kuvrat(Horvat)

Kakve veze ima 'Kuvrat' sa 'Horvat'?

[ArMakedon]

Значи вашето потекло е од кај Каспиското езеро?

[qmsq]

вашето :d добре забавен си.Ние имаме все още разногласия от произхода но общата теория е че сме близък на иранците идващ от планината от областа ариана.другата теория е славяно/тюркската

[ArMakedon]

Originally Posted by qmsq

вашето :d добре забавен си.Ние имаме все още разногласия от произхода но общата теория е че сме близък на иранците идващ от планината от областа ариана.другата теория е славяно/тюркската

А ние сме потомци на Венеттите, Бригите, Античките Македонци, ај да речам и Словените само поради тоа што зборуваме Словенизиран јазик.
Значи ние сме староседелци на Балканот.

[Monolith]

Originally Posted by ArMakedon

А ние сме потомци на Венеттите, Бригите, Античките Македонци, ај да речам и Словените само поради тоа што зборуваме Словенизиран јазик.
Значи ние сме староседелци на Балканот.

Kako to misliš, 'slaveniziran'? Govorite slavenskim, a ne 'slaveniziranim' jezikom.

[ArMakedon]

Originally Posted by Monolith

Kako to misliš, 'slaveniziran'? Govorite slavenskim, a ne 'slaveniziranim' jezikom.

Dobro, slavenski sa puno reči iy antičkog makedonskog jezika

[Monolith]

Originally Posted by ArMakedon

Dobro, slavenski sa puno reči iy antičkog makedonskog jezika

Nisam znao. Možeš li napisati neke primjere?

[Kan Yuvigi Asparukh]

ArMakedon ... it's Mazedonien in German . I'm also interested in examples of ancient Macedonian words in modern Macedonian, seriously.

[Marcus Marulus]

Originally Posted by Kan Yuvigi Asparukh

ArMakedon ... it's Mazedonien in German . I'm also interested in examples of ancient Macedonian words in modern Macedonian, seriously.

Apart from few glosses in Hesychius, almost nothing is known of the ancient Macedonian.

[Kan Yuvigi Asparukh]

Originally Posted by Marulus

Apart from few glosses in Hesychius, almost nothing is known of the ancient Macedonian.

Yes, but modern Bulgarian and Serbian are well known....

[Marcus Marulus]

Unless by "ancient Macedonian" the Old Church Slavonic is meant. I found such name applied to OCS here and there in the literature. As well as "Ancient Bulgarian" sometimes.

[ArMakedon]

Originally Posted by Kan Yuvigi Asparukh

ArMakedon ... it's Mazedonien in German . I'm also interested in examples of ancient Macedonian words in modern Macedonian, seriously.

Well Germans changed their grammar. It's Makedonien now not Mazedonien.
I will post list of words nex time.