Carlism

[Perun]

Thanks to my discussion with Arjuna Durden on the question of Monarchy, I've developed an interest on the Carlist movement in Spain. So any really good information is appreciated. Ive found some interesting information that'll post here.

This probably gives a good basic outline to the movement:
http://www.ipedia.com/carlism.html

Carlism

Carlism was a conservative political movement in Spain, purporting to establish an alternative branch of the Bourbons in the Spanish throne.


Origin

During the reign (<A title=1808 href="http://www.ipedia.com/1808.html">1808-1833) of Ferdinand VII of Spain — in the aftermath of the Spanish War of Independence — the political situation oscillated between the supporters of the Ancien régime and the Liberals influenced by the French Revolution of 1789, though many of them had fought the Napoleonic occupation.


During Ferdinand's last days, the question of succession wasn't clear. After the birth of his daughter Isabella, Ferdinand signed in 29 March 1830 the Prágmatica Sanción (1789) of his father Charles. According to the Bourbon custom (the Salic law), the throne was reserved for males. The Sanción restored the right of women to the throne (with precedence given to their brothers), as it was the custom of Castile since the Siete Partidas of Alfonso X of Castile. Hence, his daughter Isabella II of Spain was proclaimed queen.

After the king's death, followers of the Conservative Carlos María Isidro de Borbón, the king's brother and Isabella's uncle, impugned the Sanción.

What began as a family spat got out of hand, dividing for many years the country between Conservatives and Liberals.

<A title=\"Carlist Wars\" href="http://www.ipedia.com/carlist_wars.html">Carlist Wars

• First Carlist War
• Second Carlist War
• Third Carlist War
• Spanish Civil War (1936-1939)
  

Carlist military leaders

• <A title=\"Tomás de Zumalacárregui\" href="http://www.ipedia.com/tomas_de_zumalacarregui.html">Tomás de Zumalacárregui
• El Cura Santa Cruz
• Cabrera
  

Isabelline, Alfonsine or Cristine military leaders

• <A title=\"Baldomero Espartero\" href="http://www.ipedia.com/baldomero_espartero.html">Baldomero Espartero
  

Carlist symbols

• Motto: Dios, Patria, Fueros, Rey.
• Flag: the red sotuer of Burgundy on white.
• Uniform: red <A title=Beret href="http://www.ipedia.com/beret.html">beret. In Basque, they were called txapelgorri.
• Anthem: Oriamendi.
  

The Carlists have traditionally been strong in Navarre (Estella was their capital), Basque Country and Valencia region.


The Carlists wanted the Spanish Inquisition back and region decentralization (Fueros).

Basque nationalism and Catholic integrism emanated from Carlism.

Requeté, Brigadas de Navarra, detente bala, trágala; ojalateros were courtiers saying Ojalá nos ataquen y ganemos, Bergara/Vergara was the royal Court and place of the Abrazo de Bergara.

Carlism was the subject of writings by Karl Marx and Mariano José de Larra.

<A title=Pretender href="http://www.ipedia.com/pretender.html">Pretenders to the throne

• Count of Montemolín.
• Carlos-Hugo de Borbón-Parma, married to Princess Irene of the Netherlands
• Juan de Borbón, the Alfonsine pretender was accepted by some Carlists as rightful heir.
  

After coming to power in 1939, Franco united the Carlists with the Falange party. By the 1970s, they were again divided among Carlos-Hugo's extreme right, Tito-style autogestionary Socialists, the pro-democracy Platajunta, and supporters of Juan Carlos of Spain. At Montejurra/Jurramendi, 1977, the rightists fired on the democrats.
After the first democratic elections on June 15, 1977, they remained extra-parliamentary, obtaining only town council seats.

[Perun]

I'll try getting Stanley Payne's book Fascism in Spain: 1923-77 soon and I'll post anything of interest I find.

Heres another book I'll see if my library has it. Its a comparison of Carlism with Polish nationalist counter-parts. Im sure it'll be interesting read.


http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/tg...42554?v=glance

Spanish Carlism and Polish Nationalism: The Borderlands of Europe in the 19th and 20th Centuries

Carlism was a form of Spanish Catholic traditionalism, named after the royalist Carlos, was directed against the inimical aspects of modernizing influences. One can think of it as a manifestation of Spanishness (espanolidad). It was specifically directed against the anti-Christian aspects of the French Revolution and the dethroning of God in general. Insofar as Jews had long been disproportionately involved in left wing and atheistic movements, it had a strain of anti-Semitism. Owing to the fact that Freemasonry had professed contempt for the Catholic Church, and included certain rites deemed incompatible with Christianity, the Carlists too condemned it. Not surprisingly, Carlism was strongly anti-Communist. But capitalism was also condemned insofar as it had disrupted Spanish society. Capitalist development had driven the poor off Spanish lands, virtually imprisoning them in barrios. The formerly independent Spanish artisans had become relegated to sweat shops.


However, neither Carlism nor its Polish counterpart had been merely "anti" something. They also possessed a dynamism that led to the active betterment of their respective societies. For instance, in Poland, Catholic traditionalists were responsible for the founding of religious orders that benefited the laity. Nor is it correct to say that Catholic traditionalism implied an uncritical approach to the conduct of the Catholic hierarchy. For instance, Polish nationalist Roman Dmowski was critical of the excessive involvement of the Catholic Church in political matters. Nevertheless, both Carlism and Polish nationalism can be viewed as Maccabean-like movements launched in defense of God.

Carlism persisted well into the 20th century. The Spanish Civil War was and is often (falsely) portrayed as an unsuccessful early struggle of freedom against fascism. Articles in the American press that romanticize the International Brigades appear from time to time (for instance, a laudatory column several years ago by Ann Landers, who also mentioned the large-scale Jewish participation in these Brigades). The Nazi German involvement is frequently mentioned (particularly the bombing of Guernica, which killed 37 people), but not the frightful atrocities directed by the Communists against priests and nuns, which definitely claimed thousands of victims (p. 104). In actuality, the Spanish Civil War, which can properly be thought of as the most recent Carlist war, had been a war against an attempted Communist takeover.

In recent decades, nationalism has become a dirty word, often made synonymous with fascism. Communist and other left-wing propaganda has made this connotation. During and after the process leading to the postwar imposition of the Soviet-sponsored Communist puppet state upon Poland, slurs of fascism were often directed against the legitimate Polish government in exile as well as Polish anti-Nazi and anti-Communist forces such as the AK, NSZ, and their successors. Unfortunately, this mischaracterization of past and present Polish nationalism survives to the present in the form of certain Holocaust materials and discussions.

In actuality, even the most extreme form of Polish nationalism differed from fascism in that it respected a certain degree of civil liberties for all social groups, and its cultural chauvinism was constrained by a respect for Europe's Latin culture (p. 51). Prewar Polish nationalists such as Giertych rejected the omnipotence of the state (p. 59), and had sensed the alien character of fascism to their thinking (p. 58). The deification of the state and race, characteristic of fascism and Nazism, were explicitly rejected by Polish nationalists as forms of historical materialism (p. 52). While perhaps not fully democratic, even the most extreme Polish nationalists recognized the legality of all non-Communist parties (p. 51).

Not mentioned is this book is the fact that the even the most extreme prewar Polish nationalists, while condoning and sometimes practicing violence against Jews, had refrained from attacking synagogues in order to make the point that their hostility was directed against Jewish economic dominance of Poland, not against Jewish religion or Jewish people as a whole. Despite Nazi German support for the Spanish anti-Communists, the Polish nationalists never lost sight of the German threat to Poland (p. 55). It was suggested that the German involvement in the Spanish Civil had been motivated by Germany's desire to regain her former African colonies (p. 60). At no time did even the most extreme Polish nationalists contemplate, much less support, anything resembling genocide against peoples. The book should also mention that, during the ensuing German Nazi occupation of Poland, Polish nationalists, unlike their counterparts in most other German-occupied nations, did not, apart from rare exceptions, participate in the Holocaust. Francisco Franco himself strongly opposed the German conquest of Poland (p. 90), and, with some exceptions, remained a champion of Polish freedom fighters. Bearing in mind that the twin phenomena of Spanish Carlism and Polish nationalism had been efforts to resist the dethroning of God, we should examine their modern counterparts. There is a cultural war going on in Poland, the US, and some other nations. It is part of a rising tide of hostility, by left wing and humanist pseudo-intellectuals, directed against the traditional family, Christian morality, Christian expression, etc. One can sense the ascendancy of consumerism, cultural and moral nihilism, and other manifestations of secularist triumphalism. In the US, the much-maligned Religious Right is fighting against the removal of God from all sectors of public life by unelected humanist judges (as rationalized by "the separation of church and state", "pluralism and diversity", "sensitivity to non-Christians", etc.). In Poland, there is the danger of the secularists of western Europe using Poland's newfound EU membership to force the progressive atheization of Poland. Only time will tell how the cultural wars will eventually play out.

[Perun]

Well I made a related thread detailing the relationship between the Carlists and the Church http://forum.stirpes.net/showthread.php?p=15522

[Turbamulta]

Somethings are wrong.

Originally Posted by Perun

What began as a family spat got out of hand, dividing for many years the country between Conservatives and Liberals.

As a curiosity, all the heros of the war against the troops of Napoleon, fought with the carlists. And I think is most exactly say that it was a war between Traditionalist and Liberal-Conservatives.

Originally Posted by Perun

Pretenders to the throne

• Count of Montemolín.
• Carlos-Hugo de Borbón-Parma, married to Princess Irene of the Netherlands
• Juan de Borbón, the Alfonsine pretender was accepted by some Carlists as rightful heir.

After coming to power in 1939, Franco united the Carlists with the Falange party. By the 1970s, they were again divided among Carlos-Hugo's extreme right, Tito-style autogestionary Socialists, the pro-democracy Platajunta, and supporters of Juan Carlos of Spain. At Montejurra/Jurramendi, 1977, the rightists fired on the democrats.
After the first democratic elections on June 15, 1977, they remained extra-parliamentary, obtaining only town council seats.

Today exist 3 different carlists movements:

-The movement of Carlos-Hugo de Borbón-Parma, the Carlist Party. Socialists, marxists, and progressive demo-christians ultra-supporters of the Council Vatican II.
http://www.partidocarlista.com/


-The Carlist Traditionalist Communion. A Catholic conservative party, mostly Demo-christians.
http://www.ctcarlista.org/


-The Traditionalist Communion. The true heirs of carlism, IMO. They support Don Sixto Enrique de Borbón-Parma, brother of Carlos-Hugo, as King. They are Traditional Catholics, anti-liberals, anti-socialists, and support organization of Spain based on the traditional Fueros, and not in Liberal Constitutions.
http://www.carlismo.org/

[Ederico]

Originally Posted by Turbamulta

Today exist 3 different carlists movements:

-The movement of Carlos-Hugo de Borbón-Parma, the Carlist Party. Socialists, marxists, and progressive demo-christians ultra-supporters of the Council Vatican II.
http://www.partidocarlista.com/


-The Carlist Traditionalist Communion. A Catholic conservative party, mostly Demo-christians.
http://www.ctcarlista.org/


-The Traditionalist Communion. The true heirs of carlism, IMO. They support Don Sixto Enrique de Borbón-Parma, brother of Carlos-Hugo, as King. They are Traditional Catholics, anti-liberals, anti-socialists, and support organization of Spain based on the traditional Fueros, and not in Liberal Constitutions.
http://www.carlismo.org/

Are there English versions of those sites? I'm interested in the third in particular.

[Turbamulta]

Originally Posted by Ederico Figallo

Are there English versions of those sites? I'm interested in the third in particular.

No, unfortunately. The web sites are poor, even if you know Spanish. If you want information then you can post in a any of his internet forums:

Forum of the CTC(the second):
http://miarroba.com/foros/ver.php?foroid=390873

The CT (the third) , have no official forums, but you can find carlists of this group here:
http://boards4.melodysoft.com/app?ID=lesclat

I know that it is not much, but there is not much about the carlists on the Internet. Vazquez de Mella in one of the main Carlist thinkers, I opened a thread about him time ago.
The Carlist of the CT have good relations with some groups of Sicily. Perhaps you can find something there.
Other site: http://www.neoborbonici.it/