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| Physical Anthropology The scientific study of the mechanisms of biological evolution, human adaptability and variation, and the fossil record of human evolution. |
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I wrote a longer text with explanations how to measure, maps and examples for all racial types, subtypes and more important intermediate variants on Thiazi. So especially the illustrations and examples chosen should be of interest for all here.
The thread is in German, but most here should be able to understand the more important aspects (f.e. Kopf = head, schmal = narrow etc.) and those which they cant, in the longer texts for the maps and graphs in particular, can be read here in English: Racial Specialisations and Climatic Zones What does a basic racial typology describe in Europe? Typology vs. Population: Whats a Racial Type Lundmans racial body typology The Berid racial type The thread on Thiazi can be found here: Thiazi Forum Probably I write the whole thing down in English too in the future, but not at the moment...
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"With the miscegenation vary as much the form as the essence of the nations. The new foreign hereditary patrimony that circulates in the new popular organism, acts from now in the variability of the physical and psychic features of the group, from the more ordinary phenotypic and tenuous racial characteristics untill the highest spiritual capacities". ILSE SCHWIDETZKY, Grundzüge der Völkerbiologie. http://www.revistaidentidad.com/ http://www.id-press.eu/ http://www.editorialretorno.com/ |
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Quote:
The stretched look distors somewhat indeed, but still its ok I'd say. With the Borreby-models I had luck to find a Danish side with more average looking models f.e., but for perfect samples I would have need such sources for more average looking people with good and clear images from all regions of Europe. I dont want to spend 10 hours in searching for one typical male Baltid obviously, which is a hard task, even though I can them on TV programs about Polands and Russia en masse f.e...
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In a debate at "Biodiversityforum" I used more explanations for the different specialisations:
The most basic, simplest system which is complex enough to describe the racial variation of Europe should consider: 1. Head shape (cephalic index, long-short) 2. Face shape (facial index, narrow-broad) 3. Body height (tall-short) 4. Pigmentation (light-medium-dark) All 4 aspects considered only in a relative way for Europe alone. Because its obvious that "dark" or "short" for Europe means something different than in the whole world, as being "protomorphic" for European Europid conditions doesnt have to mean being primitive for world standards. So the basic tendencies would go like that if just doing a short version: From cold and UV low to warm and UV high: Osteuropid (short, broad, short, light) - Borealised, cold adapted hunter-gatherer and peasant type of unfavourable areas) Brachycephalised Cromagnoids (medium, broad, tall, light, Borreby-Westbaltid, rather cold adapted hunter-gatherers and peasant type of more favourable areas) Dalofaelid (long, broad, tall, light - Basic versatile temperate-cold type, hunter-gatherer and free farmer in favourable areas) Nordid (long, narrow, tall, light - highly differentiated temperate climate type of higher hunters, farmer- and herder-warriors in favourable areas, mainly flat land) Norid (short, narrow, tall, light - like Nordid but in the mountainous regions) Palaeatlantid (long, broad, tall, medium - Basic versatile temperate-cold type, hunter-gatherer with protomorphic tendencies) Alpinoid (short, broad, short, medium - reduced version of dark Cromagnoid gatherers which adapted to a sedentary lifestyle in the temperate-cold areas) Dinarid (short, narrow, tall, dark - like Nordid but for the more UV-intensive and mountainous, higher areas, more specialised herder type) Atlantomediterranid (long, narrow, tall, dark - like Nordid but for the more UV-intensive areas) Gracilmediterranid (long, narrow, short, dark - like Atlantomediterranid, but for a more sedentary lifestyle of stable cultures and larger communities) etc. Quote:
For the above mentioned, among others the following selective pressures and combinations of them (f.e. plague + hunger) played a role: -Nutrition (high-low energy, hunger, balanced diet or malnutrition, lack of vitamins and mineral nutrients, iodine f.e. etc.) -Climate (warm, cold, dry etc.) -UV-radiation (generally high or low, protected area etc.) -Sexual selection ("cue traits", progressive traits, compensative infantilism in the course of reduction-pyknomorphisation etc.) -Individual selection for performance (intelligence, social dominance, physical strength, durability etc.) -Group selection (kin selection, warfare, selection of different subsistence patterns, ethnocultural units and cultural systems, etc.) -Adaptations to a sociocultural system and way of life (f.e. mobile vs. sedentary, dominant vs. subdominant, clan based small groups vs. urban environment etc.) ... Especially the positive group/kin selection is crucial for the development of progressive variants which are effective both as indivduals and in a highly developed group. Quote:
But both B and the additional genetic allel for smallpox resistence could be easily transmitted to the Nordid type without altering the basic ecosocial adaptation of the type - which is what race is really about. I mean even some sort of Rhesus-monkeys could have blood variant which is more similar to that of a given human individual than that of its brother or mother - what does that mean for the general biological category? Nothing. Similar with most secondary traits you find in populations. Those are additional adaptations to very specific, oftentimes even very shortly lasting environments, which dont change a basic formtype drastically. And race primarily about the physique and its adaptation, secondary about psychic characteristics and in my opinion just thirdly about other genetic influences which are not directly related to the former two. They can be helpful for a racial diagnosis and of great adaptive quality, but are a different aspect of the same problem. More complicated are traits like Lactose tolerance, because they can be part of the same process of adaptation (cattle breeding mobile people living in an area with low ultraviolet ray doses, especially in the winter - and with a lack of alternative food sources for energy and minerals at the same time, particularly for small children, mothers and people on trek and in warfare critical - therefore depigmentation and lactose tolerance in the majority of Nordids as reaction). Obviously there are plenty of Nordids without being lactose tolerant or they have the bloodgroup B, and for the general Nordid specialisation both is untypical, but still they would be summed up as Nordid in general if being typical otherwise and be it just for the reason of variation being allowed first and more importantly because Nordids existed even before (higher hunters). But on the other hand the typical modern version which was depigmented for sure (we dont know the exact date but we can see a "form tradition" in various parts of Europe if looking at the skull) came up and finally stabilised the way described (pure herders and farmers relying heavily on animal husbandry in areas of low UV-doses, but temperate-favourable climate and strong group selection). Baltisation is different from Nordisation, even if there are certain similar aspects. Important are: Foreign (non-classic Europid) admixture, lack of nutrition and energy in an unfavourable cold climate with a lack of positive group selection: Resulting option was the "saving strategy" well known from various populations. The typical, classic Europid Cromagnid is a "de luxe" version which can stand cold as well, but he needs more energy and positive selection to justify the investment, both became rare in later times of Baltisation in the North Eastern peasantry. The same time the lack of physical superiority and a fine body had to be outbalanced, so especially for women the fastest way of reduction, namely the infantilisation (partial and especially proportional ontogenetic retardation) became a two edged sword (saving of energy and heat while staying relatively attractive for males) for certain local variants. This was going parallel to the cold adaptation of Mongoloids, for which Mongoloid admixture might be a catalysator, but wouldnt be necessary for an explanation under the given circumstances. So out of a pushed away hunter-gatherer group of the North East became a primary racial component of low peasantry in North Eastern Europe since medieval times (sedentary, socially controlled, negative social selection and lack of positive kin selection, hunger, plagues, colder climate ["Little Ice Age"] etc.). In fact all those racial types are relatively easy to explain with the main "problem case" for "the simple approach" being the Dinaroid category with its rather unusual combination, which, as I pointed out, is definitely related to an adaptation to higher altitudes (same-similar processes can be observed worldwide) and a life primarily as a herder in smaller clan groups (note the difference to the more sedentary-farmer-urban Armenid of the "Fertile Crescent"). We have to think about physiological, as well as anatomic relations (robustness, Akromegaloid tendencies, hyperplastic constitution etc.).
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On Thiazi I added now an altered version of my writings about the Indian subcontinent, which is here on Stirpes too (here) and a thread about the racial types of the Near East:
Rassentypen des Nahen Ostens - Thiazi Forum Rassentypen Südasiens - Thiazi Forum
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