Taxonomy of the Homo Sapiens

[Faísca]

Table of races and subraces

The table includes most of the modern and recently extinct races and subraces of Homo sapiens L. that are mentioned at all frequently in this book [Race, Baker, 1974]. The Bambutids (African pygmies) and Negritids (Negritos) are omitted, because their affinities with other ethnic taxa are still obscure. The names of the taxa as printed on this page are intended to accord with the International code of zoological nomenclature, but the code does not lay down strict rules for taxa minor to subspecies. The classification is the author's.



The classification on this page agrees exactly, line for line, with that on the opposite page, but the names of the taxa (except Australasid and Melanesid) are those introduced by Eickstedt and Peters as standardized 'Trivialnamen'. The authors have done more than anyone else to clarify the nomenclature of the ethnic taxa of man.

[Zrinski]

Interesting...Dinarid alternative is Illyrian. I have been telling for ages now that Dinarids are actually Illyrians assimilated by Slavs.

Thus we have huge number of Dinarids among Croats.

[Agrippa]

This is the sysem of v. Eickstedt. He would have made certain categories different with a more modern knowledge, I'm quite sure about that, but overall his system is good and his typology is excellent with rather minor flaws.
Thats a traditional typology based on morphological grouping.

Rassenkunde 1 behandelt die Einteilung der Spezies Homo sapiens nach Rassenkreisen(Subspezies), Rassengruppen(Series), Rassen(Varietas) und Unterrassen(Subvarietas) n. v. Eickstedt.
Aus Historia Mundi 1. Band, Frühe Menschheit

Die prioritätsgerechten Bezeichnungen der menschlichen Varietäten (Rassen) in der binären und trivialen Nomenklatur:

Familie: Hominidae

Genus: Homo

Spezies: Homo sapiens Heutmenschheit



Subspezies I.: Homines sapientes albi Europide



Series A: Homines s. albi xanthochroici Blondrassengürtel

- Varietas 1: Homo sapiens europaeus Nordide

Subvarietas a.)H. s. eu. nordicus Teutonordide

b.)H. s. eu. dalofaelicus Dalofaelide

c.)H. s. eu. finnus Fennonordide

- Varietas 2: H. s. slavonicus(intermedius) Osteuropide

Series B: Homines s. albi melanochroici Braunrassengürtel

- Varietas 1: Homo s. pelagius(meridionalis) Mediterranide

Subvarietas a.)H. s. p. mediterraneus Grazilmediterranide

b.)H. s. p. eurafricanus Eurafrikanide

c.)H. s. p. atlanticus Berberide

- Varietas 2: Homo s. arabicus Orientalide

- Varietas 3: Homo s. indicus Indide

a.)H. s. i. indogracilis Grazilindide

b.)H. s. i. indoafghanus Nordindide

c.)H. s. i. indobrachimorphus Indobrachide

- Varietas 4: Homo s. occidentalis Polyneside

a.)H. s. o. polinesianus Polyneside

b.)H. s. o. carolinensis Mikroneside

Series C: Homines s. albi brachimorphi Bergrassengürtel

- Varietas 1: H. s. alpinus Alpinide

a.)H. s. a. cevenolicus Westalpinide

b.)H. s. a. lappo Lappide

- Varietas 2: H. s. dinaricus Dinaride

- Varietas 3: H. s. syriacus Armenide

- Varietas 4: H. s. eurasicus Turanide

a.)H. s. eur. turanicus Aralide

b.)H. s. eur. pamiriensis Pamiride

Series D: Homines s. albi protomorphi Alteuropide

- Varietas 1: H. s. veddalis Weddide

a.)H. s. v. ceylonensis Wedda

b.)H. s. v. gondicus Gondide

c.)H. s. v. malicus Malide

d.)H. s. v. toala Toalide

e.)H. s. v. siamesis Ostweddide

- Varietas 2: H. s. eurilanus Ainuide

Subspezies II.: Homines sapientes leiotrichi Mongolide

Pars a: H. s. asiaticus Mongolide

Series A: Homines s. asiatici arctici Polargürtel

- Varietas 1: H. s. hyperboreus Sibiride

Subvarietas a.)H. s. h. ugrianus Westsibiride

b.)H. s. h. palaeasiaticus Ostsibiride

- Varietas 2: H. s. groenlandus Eskimide

Series B: Homines s. a. badii Nordmongolide

- Varietas 1: H. s. tatarus Tungide

- Varietas 2: H. s. sinicus Sinide

Subvarietas a.)H. s. s. borealis Nordsinide

b.)H. s. s. medius Mittelsinide

c.)H. s. s. meridianus Südsinide

(Series C: H. s. asiatici meridionalis Südmongolide)

- Varietas 3: H. s. palaemongolicus Palämongolide

Subvarietas a.)Homo s. p. palaunicus Palaungide

b.)H. s. p. shanicus Schanide

c.)H. s. p. protomalayus Protomalayide

d.)H. s. p. deuteromalayus Deuteromalayide

Series D: H. s. subnigri Khoisanide

- Varietas 1: H. s. hottentotus Khoisanide

Subvarietas a.)H. s. h. austroafricanus Khoide

b.)H. s. h. huzuana Sanide

Pars b: H. s. americani Indianide

Series D: H. s. americani cuprei Nordindianide

- Varietas 1: H. s. pacificus Pazifide

- Varietas 2: H. s. centralis Zentralide

- Varietas 3: H. s. colombicus Silvide

Subvarietas a.)H. s. c. planidus Planide

b.)H. s. c. apalacidus Appalacide

- Varietas 4: H. s. marginalis Margide

Series E: H. s. americani mesembrini Südindianide

- Varietas 1: H. s. andinus Andide

- Varietas 2: H. s. patagonus Patagonide

- Varietas 3: H. s. brasilianus Brasilide

- Varietas 4: H. s. lagoanus Lagide

- Varietas 5: H. s. lagol-maritimus Fuegide

Subvarietas a.)H. s. l. fuegidus Südfuegide

b.)H. s. l. huarpidus Huarpide

Subspezies III.: H. sapientes afri Negride

Series A: H. s. europoafri Kontaktgürtel

- Varietas 1: H. s. africanus Äthiopide

Subvarietas a.)H. s. a. nuba Nordäthiopide

b.)H. s. a. abessomalis Ostäthiopide

c.)H. s. a. massaicus Südäthiopide

d.)H. s. a. saharicus Zentraläthiopide

e.)H. s. a. maurusianus Westäthiopide

- Varietas 2: H. s. indomelanicus Indomelanide

Subvarietas a.)H. s. i. karnaticus Südmelanide

b.)H. s. i. kolidus Nordmelanide

Series B: H. s. eafro-medegassi Westnegride

- Varietas 1: H. s. niger Sudanide

- Varietas 2: H: s. niloticus Nilotide

- Varietas 3: H. s. cafer Kafride

- Varietas 4: H. s. palaeniger Palänegride

Series C: H. s. alfuri Ostnegride

- Varietas 1: H. s. papuensis Neomelaneside

- Varietas 2: H. s. melaninus Palämelaneside

- Varietas 3: H. s. australasicus Australide

Series D: H. s. pygmaei Pygmide

- Varietas 1: H. s. akkalis Bambutide

- Varietas 2: H. s. negrito Negritide

Subvarietas a.)H. s. n. philippinensis Aetide

b.)H. s. n. semang Semangide

c.)H. s. n. mineopaeus Andamanide

[Rusalka]

Looks like he has detailed Northern European types more thoroughly, which does make sense of course, given that he is -I presume- German. Still, it's a good system (schematically) and thanks for posting.

[Agrippa]

Originally Posted by Rusalka

Looks like he has detailed Northern European types more thoroughly, which does make sense of course, given that he is -I presume- German. Still, it's a good system (schematically) and thanks for posting.

In fact he made just the most basic distinctions for Nordids (leptomorphic Skandonordids and Cromagnid Dalofaelids) and I'm not that happy with his Fennonordid which is somehow unclear and Lundmans (etc.) East Nordid makes more sense.

Pontids were for him "dispersed" Mediterranids in the East, I'm not happy with some of his scheme and he made obvious mistakes , but generally speaking (except some subvariants) he was right about most important types, subracial distinction. That are morphotypes of course, sometimes groups lumped together which dont share a close genetic relationship, but morphotypologically, he made a clear cut and practical system - exact and detailed enough without losing in too much small details and subvariants...furthermore he tried to look for the most important rules of biological taxonomy and nomenclatura, therefore he didnt changed older names and categories if they were at least acceptable...

[Rusalka]

What I found helpful the most was his use of the diagram and a general sense of organization (leave it to the Germans! ) I take it that this work is quite old, I think it's definitely a good base to work on even if purely on organizational purposes.

[Carnyx]

I find it funny but interesting. What is exactly the ethymology of the word Europid? Is there a link with Europe or not?

[Agrippa]

Europe and the Europeans are almost fully Europid, therefore its just natural to see Europe as the almost pure centre at the time as the anthropological systems came up even without too much Eurocentrism. Not too mention its the only continent being fully dominated by Europids...Europeans are under the most typical forms either, same with Mongols (Mongolid) and typical West African Negroes (Negrid).

[Carnyx]

Ok thanks. I won't say anything for turanids and orientalids but aethiopids. It intrigues me.

[Faísca]

Originally Posted by M.Duchemin

I find it funny but interesting. What is exactly the ethymology of the word Europid? Is there a link with Europe or not?

It's an antropological term, the suffix -id means: body of, particle of.

On the other hand, another used suffix is -oid, meaning: Resembling; having the appearance of; related to. Or: One that resembles something specified or has a specified quality.

[SouthernBoy]

Originally Posted by Agrippa

This is the sysem of v. Eickstedt. He would have made certain categories different with a more modern knowledge, I'm quite sure about that, but overall his system is good and his typology is excellent with rather minor flaws.
Thats a traditional typology based on morphological grouping.



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I'm sure ICZN wouldn't have accepted it either. They make if clear they don't recognize intrasubspecific variation, although they still use subspecies.

[Agrippa]

Originally Posted by M.Duchemin

Ok thanks. I won't say anything for turanids and orientalids but aethiopids. It intrigues me.

That was mainly Baker opinion if its about Aethiopids, but its clear they have an intermediate position with many features pointing in a Caucasoid direction and genetic results which might be interpreted the same way. Its a question of definition whether you like to say they are Europid or Negrid, in fact they are neither and rather Europonegrid if you want so. Most said they're Negrid though, at least more than Europid, whats reasonable.

Turanids are difficult to determine since there is an absolutely Europid/Caucasoid form (Pamirid) and the other meaning of mixed groups (mainly Pamirid+Iranid+Tungid in Central Asia).

[Gil]

One of Baker's mistakes: classifying Ainuid/Ainu as Europids. Genetic testing shows that the Ainu's phenotype was much darker and robust originally and that it was their mixing with the mongolid neolithic types which gave them a lighter pigmentation while they retained some robusticity (bone-wise). The main genetic component of the Ainu is the macro-haplogroup C (M130) which appeared 50,000 years ago and colonized the whole littoral regions of near and far Asia though they also show some components of the haplogroup D (M174) which is representative of the Jomon culture of Japan (neolithic rice farmers).

Ainu:

[Agrippa]

Weren't the Jomon mostly Hunter+Gatherers for the most time and the Yayoi fully developed farmers?

[Gil]

The Jomon were mostly hunters, fishermen and they introduced rice agriculture in Japan. Like I said above, they were neolithic farmers. Later on the Yayoi brought new agricultural advances but more importantly the working of bronze and iron, and shamanistic beliefs that spawned Shinto. The Yayoi were not neolithic peoples, they were Bronze Age ones.