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Old Sunday, October 23rd, 2005
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Default Mediterranids in France.


I would like to add to this sub-forum some information about the mediterranids in France. I took the text from the work made by Dr. George Montandon: L'ETHNIE FRANÇAISE. I am sorry again I put the text in his original language. Hope soon our good friend Duchemin will translate the text.


La composante méditerranéenne.


Les pages de tête (49) ont rappelé que le terme de race brune ou méditerranéenne pouvait être appliqué à celle qui, des Illes Canaries à l’Ille de Pâques ceinture le domaine des Blancs face aux Noirs africains, puis sépare le monde des Jaunes de celui des Noires océaniens. Dans un sens pls restreint et assez vague en même temps. Il s’applique à ceux de cette race bruen qui habitent les deux rives de la Méditerranée et comprennent quatre sous-races : araboïde ou orientale, berbéroide, littorale ou atlanto-méditerranéenne et ibéro-insulair. Parfois enfin, dans un sens tout à fair strict, c’est à ces derniers, aux Ibéro-insulaires, qu’est appliqué le terme de Méditerranéens, mail il vaut mieux, dans ce dernier cas, dire franchement Ibéro-insulaires. Ce dernier terme, lancé par Deniker, indique en effet de façon très heureuse l’aire sur laquelle se trouve cette sous-race, somatiquement très caractérisée : la Presqu’il Ibérique, qu’ell peuple de façon presque compacte – aucune autre grande région de l’Europe n’est habitée de façon si compacte par une race -, et les îles de la Méditerranée (Baléares, Corse, Sardaigne, Sicile, ainsi que, en partie, certaines îles de la Méditerranée orientale), auxquels territoires il faut ajouter le Sud de l’Italie à partir de Rome, et deux régions de la France méridionale comme on le verra.
Mais en outre des Ibéro-insulaires, la France héberge un autre sout-type méditerranéen, celui que Deniker a nommé le Littolal ou atlanto-méditerranéen, de la France comme de la Presqu’il Ibérique ; certes, il pénetre par endroits profondément à l’interieur, mais, ne pendant pas sa racine littorale, in n’y forme pas d’îlots. Il n’a pas été décrit pour d’autres régions. S’il est donc géographiquement nettement circonscrit, il est moins net somatiquement et représent une entredeux au carrefour d’autres types marqués.
Plusieurs auteurs étenden le domaine du Méditerranéen jusque sur la Manche et en Grande-Bretagne, et cela non seulement du fait de quelques individus isolés réellment méditerranéens, mais parce qu’ils annexend au Méditerranéen le Nord-occidental. C’est là affaire de goût après tout. Certes, le Nord-occidental a quelque chose du Subnordique. Sans que cele change les faits pour l’initié, le casier dans lequel on parque le Nord-occidental frappe le grand public, en cele qu’il l’ébrèche. Notre conception du subnordique nou a paru légitimer le rattachement du Nord-occidental au Subnordique et nou n’avons donc ici qu’à considérer successivement : l’Ibéro-insulaire, le Littoral et sa variante le Basque ou Euscarien.


L’IBÉRO-INSULAIRE.


Il suffit de traverser l’Espagne et le Portugal pour être frappé de la constance du type dans la Presqu’île Ibérique – encore plus qu’on ne l’est en France de la constance du type alpin. L’Ibéro-insulaire est un vrai «brunet » de complexion ; le cheveu est noir franc et le peeu est basanée. Même s’il faut attribuer ce basané à l’action du milieu, du soleil, action millénaire, ce basané s’hérite, une action ou un manque d’action du soleil sur l’individu ne se marquant que par une accentuation ou une atténuation du basané. L’œil est brun foncé, le cheveu, quant à sa nature, est fin, droit ou légèrement ondulé. La stature, de 1 m. 61 à 1 m. 62, en moyenne, est donc encore plus réduite que celle de l’Alpin (1 m. 63 à 1 m. 64), mais la ligne des contours de la tête et du corps distingue immédiatement l’Ibéro-insulaire de l’Alpin. A l’opposé de la charpente trapue de ce dernier, celle de l’Ibero-insulaire ets élancée dans sa petitesse, c’est-à-dire mince, parfois même d’apparence gracile.
La forme de la tête cadre admirablement avec cette apparence gracile. La boîte cranienne est fort allongée (l’indice céphalique étant en moyenne de 73 à 74), mais sans brutalité, et Giuseppe Sergi a raison de la dire idéalement harmonieuse ; elle est en effet, normalement, tout à fait symétrique, c’est-à-dire qu’elle représente géométriquement une ellipse, et cette vue des choses n’est nullement théorique ; aussi la tête typiquement formée de l’Ibéro-insulaire est-elle d’un diagnostic aisé. Il est remarquable de constater que cette forme était déjà celle, classique, de l’ancienne Égypte, de sorte que ce type s’est maintenu sans changement sur les bords de la Méditerranée au cours des 6000 ans de l’historie.
La France possède une région où l’Ibero-insulaire est cultivé comme en serre chaude : la Corse, Prenons François Pietri, ministre de la Marine (Planche 23) ; le visage – si ce n’est la stature – répond bien à ce qu’est l’Ibéro-insulaire. Chez le Président du Conseil municipal de Paris, Jean Chiappe (Planche 24), le type est complet : à la petite stature s’allie un contour cranien que paraît réguliêrement allongé et surélevé, forme cranienne courante, et à dolichocéphalie descendant parfois jusqu'à 70, dans la Presqu’île Ibérique. Ce dernier cas est excellemment figuré par notre collègue et ami de la Société d’Antrhopologie de Paris, Henrique de Miranda ; Portugais d’origine (de Porto) mais parfaitement Parisien, il offre non seulement un indice céphalique très dolichocéphale (71,1), mais cette forme d’ellipse parfaite du contour cranien que nous avons vu être caractéristique de l’Ibéro-insulaire type ; quant au profil, que l’on compare les Planches 26 et 27 ! Mais la France possède une seconde région où l’Ibéro-insulaire est fortement représenté ou même dominant, à savoir le pays qui, de l’estatuaire de la Gironde, s’étend sur le Limousin, le Périgord et au-delà. Notre collègue Emmanuel Passemard, préhistorien sagace, qui le premier entreprit des fouilles dans la grotte d’Isturitz, et dont l’ascendance est en bonne partie limouso-périgourdine, est un excellent représentant des Ibéro-insulaires de cette région, son indice cephalique (74,9) rentrant dans la moyenne normale pour ce type ; mais ce sont surtout les ellpipses allongées, à côtés parallèles, du visage et de la tête, que en font un sujet paradigme (Planche 25). De bons exemples du type méditerranéen en général nous paraissen être aussi l’écrivain François Mauriac (Planche 28), Léon Bérard, ministre actuel de la Justice (Planche 29) et le général Cavaignac (Planche 30), quioique ces deux derniers rentrent peut-être plus affirmativement dans le sous-type littoral don nous allons parler, ou présenten même des affinités (quelles que soient les données de leur généaoligie) avec le type local basque.


LE LITTORAL.


On peut se demander si le Littoral est un véritable type autonome ou si, comme le Dinaroïde de France, le Nord-occidental, il ne représent pas le carrefou de plusiers types que ont mêle leurs éléments. En effet, le Littoral, dont nous devons le diagnostic à Deniker, offre les caractères suivants : coloration très foncée des cheveux et des yeux, stature légèrement au-dessus (1 m. 66) de la moyenne (1 m. 65), sous-dolichocéphalie ou mésocephalie (79 à 80 sur le vivant). Certes, la stature surmoyenne et la mésocéphalie pourraient parler en faveur de l’influence soit du Nordique, soit de l’Alpin, mais la pigmentation parfaitement foncée est un caractère extrême et non mixte, intercédant pour l’autonomat du type. D’autre part, on sait que des traits associés dans un type peuvent se dissocier chez des descendants tout en restant entiers, chacun pris pour lui-même. Peut-être, parmi les chefs politiques de l’heure, Charles Maurras (Planche 31) est-il un Méditerranéen littoral, de même qu’Adrien Marquet, maire et député de Bordeaux, qui a quelque chose de méditerranéen non seulement de face (Planche 32), mais aussi de profil, par son crâne allongé.
Il est remarquable de constater que là où, de par la vraisemblance géographique on attendrait l’Ibero-insulaire, c’est le Littoral qui se rencontre et vice-versa. A part le Rousillon, où il est normal de trouver l’Ibéro-insularie, celui-ci ne vit pas près de la frontière espagnole ni sur le rive de la Méditerranée, mais dans la région périgourdine et voisine, tandis que le Littoral, plus distant somatiquement de l’habitant de la Presqu’île Ibérique, habite le versant français des Pyrénées et les rives du golfe du Lion. Les deux types formeront ensemble environ 20% de la population de la France. Le type littoral n’a pas encore été étudie en détail ; il doit sans doute comprendre plusieurs types locaux ou variétés, et c’est comme une variété du Littoral que peut être consideré le Basque, que mérite un chapitre spécial.





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Old Monday, October 24th, 2005
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Default Re: Mediterranids in France.

Ask and you shall receive. Not too much though.

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The Mediterranean component. ("La composante méditerranéenne".)

The headline pages (49) recalled that the term of brown or Mediterranean race could be applied to that which, from the Canary Islands to Easter Island girdles the field of the Whites vis-a-vis with the Black Africans, then separates the world from the Yellows of that of the Black Oceanians ("Noirs océaniens"). In a more restricted direction and enough vagueness at the same time. It applies to those of this brown race which live the both sides of the Mediterranean and include four subraces: Araboid or Oriental, Berberoid, Littoral or Atlanto-Mediterranean and to Ibero-insular. Sometimes finally, in a fairly strict direction, it is to these latter, to the Ibero-insulars, that the term of Mediterranean is applied, but it is better, in the latter case, to frankly say Ibero-insulars. This last term, launched by Deniker, indicates in a very fortunate way indeed the area in which this subrace is, "somaticaly" very characterized: the Iberian peninsula, which inhabits it in an almost compact way - no other great area of Europe is inhabited in a so compact way by a race -, and the islands of the Mediterranean sea (Balearic Islands, Corsica, Sardinia, Sicily, like, partly, certain islands of the Eastern Mediterranean), for which territories it is necessary to add the South of Italy starting from Rome, and two areas of southernmost France as one will see it.

But moreover Ibero-insulars, France lodges another Mediterranean subtype, that which Deniker named Littolal or Atlanto-Mediterranean, of France like Iberic peninsula ; admittedly, it penetrates in some places deeply in the interior, but, not losing its littoral root, in does not form there small islands. There is no description for other areas. If it is thus geographically clearly circumscribed, it is less net somaticaly and represents an interval in the crossroads of other marked types. Several authors extend the Mediterranean's domain to the English Channel and in Great Britain, and that not only because of some isolated individuals really Mediterranean, but because they attach to Mediterranean the "Nord-Occidental" (in english : North-Westerner). It is a matter of taste there after all. Admittedly, the "Nord-Occidental" has something of Subnordic. Without that it changes the facts for the initiate, the rack in which one parks the North-Westerner strikes general public, in that that it notches it. Our conception of Subnordic seems to us to legitimate the fastening of the "Nord-Occidental" to the Subnordic and thus we just have to consider here successively : the Ibero-insular, the Littoral and his alternative the Basque or "Euscarien" (Euskara).


THE IBERO-INSULAR ("L’IBÉRO-INSULAIRE")

We just need to cross Spain and Portugal to be struck by the constancy of the type in the Iberian peninsula -much more than we are in France of the Alpine type constancy. The Ibero-insular is a true "brownish" ("brunet") of complexion; the hair is frank black and the skin is swarthy. Even if it's necessary to allot this swarthy to the action of the environment, the sun, thousand-year-old action, this swarthy is inherited, an action or a lack of action of the sun on the individual marking himself only by one stressing or an attenuation of this swarthy. The eye is dark brown, the hair, as for its nature, is thin, straight or slightly wavy. The stature, 1m61 to 1m62, on average, is thus even more reduced than that of the Alpine (1m63 to 1m64), but the line of the head and body contours immediately distinguishes the Ibero-insular from the Alpine one. With the opposite of the stocky body shape of this later, that of the Ibero-insular is slender and slim in its smallness, i.e. thin, sometimes even of gracile appearance.

The head shape fits very well with this gracile appearance. The shull box is extremely lengthened (the cephalic index being on average from 73 to 74), but without brutality, and Giuseppe Sergi is right to say it is ideally harmonious; it is indeed, normally, completely symmetrical, i.e. it represents an ellipse geometrically, and this sight of the things is by no means theoretical; also the Ibero-insular typically formed head is of an easy diagnostic. It is remarkable to note that this form was already that, traditional, of old Egypt, so that this type was maintained without change on the banks of the Mediterranean during 6000 years of history.

France has an area where the Ibero-insular is cultivated as in a hothouse : Corsica. Let's take François Pietri, Navy Minister (Plate 23) ; the face -if not the stature- well represents the Ibero-insular. In the President of the Town council for Paris, Jean Chiappe (Plate 24), the type is complete : the small stature allied to the contour of the skull which seems regularly lenghtened and raised, the skull shape in the stream, and to the dolichocephaly which goes down to 70 sometimes, in the Iberic peninsula. This last case is exceptionly represented by our collegue and friend of the Anthropological Society of Paris, Henrique de Miranda ; of Portuguese origin (from Porto) but perfectly Parisian, he shows not only a very dolichocephalic cephalic index (71,1), but this perfect ellipse shape of the skull contour that we have seen as a characteristic of the Ibero-insular type; as for the profile, just compare the plates 26 and 17! But France has a second region where the Ibero-insular is strongly represented or even dominant, namely the country that, from the estuary of the Gironde, extends on the Limousin, the Périgord and beyond. Our colleague Emmanuel Passemard, sagacious prehistorian, whom the first undertook excavations in the cave of Isturitz, and whose ascendance is partly Limouso-périgourdine (Limousin and Périgord), is an excellent representant of the Ibero-insular in this area, his cephalic index (74,9) is in the average for this type; but these overall are the lenghtened ellipses, with parallelous sides, of the face and the head, which make him a paradigm subject (Plate 25). Good examples of the Mediterranean type in general seem to us to be too writer François Mauriac (Plate 28), Léon Bérard, current Justice Minister (Plate 29) and the General Cavaignac (Planche 30), though in the affirmative these last two may go more in the Littoral subtype of which we are going to speak, or even represent some affinities (whatever the data of their genealogy) with the local Basque type.


THE LITTORAL ("LE LITTORAL")

One can wonder if the Littoral is a true type of his own or if, like France Dinaroid, the "Nord-occidental", he doesn't represent a crossroads of several types which have mixed their elements. Indeed, the Littoral, of which we have Deniker's diagnostic, shows the following characters : very dark hair and eyes pigmentation, the stature is sligtly above (1m66) average (1m65) , under-brachycephalic or mesophalic (79 to 80 on the living). Most certainly, the above-average stature and mesocephaly could plead either for the influence of the Nordic or the Alpine, but the perfectly dark pigmentation is an extrem character and not a mixed one, interceding in the autonomy of the type. In addition, one knows that traits associated with a type can be dissociated in the descendants while remaining complete, each one taken for itself. Perhaps, among current political chiefs, Charles Maurras (Plate 31) is a Littoral mediterranean, in the same way that Adrien Marquet, mayor and deputy for Bordeaux, who has something of Mediterrenean not only in the face (Plate 32), but also the profile, by his lengthened skull.

It is remarkable to note that where, from geographical probability one would await the Ibero-isular, it is the Littoral who is encountered and vice versa. Except Rousillon, where it is normal to find Ibero-Insular, this one does not live close to the Spanish border nor on the bank of the Mediterranean (sea), but in the Périgord area ("région périgourdine") and the neighborhood, while the Littoral, more distant from a somatic viewpoint than the Iberian Peninsula inhabitant, lives in the French slope of the Pyrenees and the banks of the Lion Gulf ("Golfe du Lion"). The two types will form together approximately 20% of the population of France. The Littoral type has not been yet studied in detail; it must undoubtedly include several local types or varieties, and it is as a variety of the Littoral that the Basque can be considered, which deserves a special chapter.


Montandon's types (English/French equivalence ) :

Alpine (Alpin)
Dinardoid (Dinaroïde)
Mediterranean (Méditerranéen)
Nordic (Nordique)
Subnordic (Subnordique)

Mediterranean : Araboid (Araboïde) or Oriental (Orientale), Bereberoid (Berbèroïde), Littoral (Littoral) or Atlanto-Mediterranean (Atlanto-méditerranéenne), Ibero-insular (Ibéro-insulaire)
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Last edited by Carnyx; Monday, October 24th, 2005 at 18:20.
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Old Monday, October 24th, 2005
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Default Re: Mediterranids in France.

I wonder if this Littoral type is related to the Ligurian element that the archeologist Adolf Schulten identified as a component among the ancient Cantabrians.
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Default Re: Mediterranids in France.

Quote:
Originally Posted by Mynydd
I wonder if this Littoral type is related to the Ligurian element that the archeologist Adolf Schulten identified as a component among the ancient Cantabrians.
I have great confusion with littoral and Atlanto-Med as I got the feeling that archeologist and anthropologist use this term with no distinction to classify the Megalithic type.
On the other side, in GB the littorid type has a different meaning and reffers to individuals with alleged armenoid admixture tracing back to the bronze age.
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Default Re: Mediterranids in France.

Why are there so many dark Europeans in the south and in the East?
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Default Re: Mediterranids in France.

Quote:
Originally Posted by Seaxiscmann
Why are there so many dark Europeans in the south and in the East?
Adaptation and specialization to the weather conditions I suppose.
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Default Re: Mediterranids in France.

Quote:
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Adaptation and specialization to the weather conditions I suppose.
Must be that;
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Default Re: Mediterranids in France.

Télécharger: Georges Montandon - L’Ethnie française (1934):
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