Language Family Trees

[Faísca]

Mari language family tree (1)



Veps language table (2)



Danish language family tree (3)



Danish language distribution in Europe (4)



Romance languages family tree (5)



Romance languages map (6)



language areas of the Italic and neighboring languages, 250 BC (7)



Sorbian family tree (8)



distribution of Slavic languages in Europe (9)



cultural and linguistic areas of eastern Africa (10)



Caucasian languages distribution (11)



Uralic languages Map (12)



Paleo-Siberian languages distribution (13)



Sino-Tibetan languages distribution (14)



major divisions of the Tai and related languages (15)



modern Indo-Aryan languages (16)



Indo-Aryan Languages



Tulu language family tree (17)



Gadba family tree (18)



Malto family tree (19)



Austroasiatic languages distribution (20)



Austronesian family tree (21)



major divisions of Austronesian languages (22)



Oceanic languages classification (23)



shared language terms (24)


End Notes

1. "family tree." Britannica 2001 Deluxe Edition CD-ROM. Copyright © 1994-2000 Britannica.com Inc. 25 januari 2001.
2. "TABLE." Britannica 2001 Deluxe Edition CD-ROM. Copyright © 1994-2000 Britannica.com Inc. 25 januari 2001.
3. "family tree." Britannica 2001 Deluxe Edition CD-ROM. Copyright © 1994-2000 Britannica.com Inc. 25 januari 2001.
4. "distribution in Europe." Britannica 2001 Deluxe Edition CD-ROM. Copyright © 1994-2000 Britannica.com Inc. 25 januari 2001.
5. "family tree." Britannica 2001 Deluxe Edition CD-ROM. Copyright © 1994-2000 Britannica.com Inc. 25 januari 2001.
6. "MAP." Britannica 2001 Deluxe Edition CD-ROM. Copyright © 1994-2000 Britannica.com Inc. 25 januari 2001.
7. "language areas of the Italic and neighboring languages, 250 BC." Britannica 2001 Deluxe Edition CD-ROM. Copyright © 1994-2000 Britannica.com Inc. 25 januari 2001.
8. "family tree." Britannica 2001 Deluxe Edition CD-ROM. Copyright © 1994-2000 Britannica.com Inc. 25 januari 2001.
9. "distribution of Slavic languages in Europe." Britannica 2001 Deluxe Edition CD-ROM. Copyright © 1994-2000 Britannica.com Inc. 25 januari 2001.
10. "cultural and linguistic areas of eastern Africa." Britannica 2001 Deluxe Edition CD-ROM. Copyright © 1994-2000 Britannica.com Inc. 25 januari 2001.
11. "distribution." Britannica 2001 Deluxe Edition CD-ROM. Copyright © 1994-2000 Britannica.com Inc. 25 januari 2001.
12. "Map." Britannica 2001 Deluxe Edition CD-ROM. Copyright © 1994-2000 Britannica.com Inc. 25 januari 2001.
13. "distribution." Britannica 2001 Deluxe Edition CD-ROM. Copyright © 1994-2000 Britannica.com Inc. 25 januari 2001.
14. "distribution." Britannica 2001 Deluxe Edition CD-ROM. Copyright © 1994-2000 Britannica.com Inc. 25 januari 2001.
15. "major divisions of the Tai and related languages." Britannica 2001 Deluxe Edition CD-ROM. Copyright © 1994-2000 Britannica.com Inc. 25 januari 2001.
16. "modern Indo-Aryan languages." Britannica 2001 Deluxe Edition CD-ROM. Copyright © 1994-2000 Britannica.com Inc. 26 januari 2001.
17. "family tree." Britannica 2001 Deluxe Edition CD-ROM. Copyright © 1994-2000 Britannica.com Inc. 25 januari 2001.
18. "family tree." Britannica 2001 Deluxe Edition CD-ROM. Copyright © 1994-2000 Britannica.com Inc. 25 januari 2001.
19. "family tree." Britannica 2001 Deluxe Edition CD-ROM. Copyright © 1994-2000 Britannica.com Inc. 25 januari 2001.
20. "distribution." Britannica 2001 Deluxe Edition CD-ROM. Copyright © 1994-2000 Britannica.com Inc. 25 januari 2001.
21. "Austronesian family tree." Britannica 2001 Deluxe Edition CD-ROM. Copyright © 1994-2000 Britannica.com Inc. 26 januari 2001.
22. "major divisions of Austronesian languages." Britannica 2001 Deluxe Edition CD-ROM. Copyright © 1994-2000 Britannica.com Inc. 25 januari 2001.
23. "Oceanic languages classification." Britannica 2001 Deluxe Edition CD-ROM. Copyright © 1994-2000 Britannica.com Inc. 25 januari 2001.
24. "shared language terms." Britannica 2001 Deluxe Edition CD-ROM. Copyright © 1994-2000 Britannica.com Inc. 26 januari 2001.

[henerte]

The map regarding slavic languages is wrong. Kashubian is spoken in slightly different areas (more westward). There is still a lot of confusion whether Kashubian is a separate language or not.

BTW: I noticed that these charts display only languages that are still alive. If so then Pomeranian should not be included because it's extinct.

[Josep Conrad]

I beg your pardon but Catalan in Romance philology is considered part of Galo-romance languages as it is born in confluence with Oc language.

[Faísca]

Originally Posted by Josep Conrad

I beg your pardon but Catalan in Romance philology is considered part of Galo-romance languages as it is born in confluence with Oc language.

Actually, most sources consider Catalan more or less like this:
Indo-European -- Italic -- Romance -- Italo-Western -- Western -- Gallo-Iberian -- Ibero-Romance -- East Iberian -- Catalan-Valencian-Balear.

Whilst Oc languages are usually considered as follows:
Indo-European -- Italic -- Romance -- Italo-Western -- Western -- Gallo-Iberian -- Ibero-Romance -- Oc.

PS: Oc is a language group that encompasses six languages.

[Balhara]

Thanks for the detailed info.

According to recent linguistic and anthropological research as well as historic data unknowm previously Bulgarian language is predominantly of Indo-iranian origin and not slavic. A number of differences between Bulgarian and all other Slavic languages attest to that, the most notable of them being: the complete absence of cases in Bulgarian( which means it is an analytical language, unlike any other Slavic language), a number of language constructions and a huge number of words which find their analogues in the languages of Pamir, Iran as well as Celtic languages.
The concept of the small number of Bulgarians which mixed with the Slavs at the founding of the Bulgarian state in 681(which makes it the oldest surviving national state in Europe to day) and were assimilated is being restated in favour of the idea that the Bulgarians were a very numerous people and kept a large part of their language and traditions, coexisting and cooperating peacefully with the Slavs.

[Caesar Princeps]

Actually, all North Italy dialects (Lumbard, Piemontese, Ligurian, Venetian, Emiliano-Romagnolo) as well as Rhaetian dialects (Romansch, Ladin, Friulian) are art of the Gallo-Rhaetian (Gallo-Romances); moreover Dalmatian is part of Italo-Dalmatian languages, not Eastern Romances; Corsican is part of Sardinian dialects.

[Zrinski]

And the section about Slavic languages continues the same paradox where Macedonian-Bulgarian, Czech-Slovak are shown as separate languages while Serbian and Croatian are shown together.

Those are double standards.

[Carnyx]

Originally Posted by Faísca

Actually, most sources consider Catalan more or less like this:
Indo-European -- Italic -- Romance -- Italo-Western -- Western -- Gallo-Iberian -- Ibero-Romance -- East Iberian -- Catalan-Valencian-Balear.

Whilst Oc languages are usually considered as follows:
Indo-European -- Italic -- Romance -- Italo-Western -- Western -- Gallo-Iberian -- Ibero-Romance -- Oc.

PS: Oc is a language group that encompasses six languages.

Funny that Oc seems still closer to Oil than it is to Ibero-Romance or in between.

[kestutisturbo]

It's nice for the beginners, but the problem is - how to simply represent all the beuty of world languages development. Such languge family tree models are too simple to represent reality.

Ever such simplification looses important information but there are
the other possibilities.

My idea is - a sequence of maps having
vertical - time dimension and horizontal - geographical plus lots of
tied to locations on maps files containing information about languages starting
from the beginning.

Physically, it is possible to buy hundreds of the maps, to draw different regions and to tie some paper or books full of information, but the problem is - to find empty sport hall to create the model of the world languages development (joke). Really, such approach is possible to realise in the virtual space and this will be created during next thirty years, I hope. Someone clicks on the time scale and on the map for location and obtains necessary all known information including not only language specifity but genetical type
and hystorical development too and the main languages
development features and trends.

The new model of indoeuropean similarities I've presented consists
of basic strata - the VIth genetical group language 35 000 BC, and
the main stream - the IXth genetical group language used somewhere
in Asia and transported into Europe.

The next multistrata - European languages, when european population was
compressed at the LGM (Last glacial maximum)time. The next
multistrata represents neolithical influencies and inovations known
as indoeuropean. And every language and language step of course must
be connected according to the model of development.

Tremendous contstruction, but reality is much more complex than any
model. The problem is how to choose enough adequate abstract model not loosing important information.

[Loorberitega Pärjatu]

How is it possible that the now extinct Merya and Murom languages are WEST Finnic? They should be East Finnic! West Finnic would be spoken in Sweden! There's a theory that Võro language and Southern Estonian dialects have substrata from an unknown language spoken on the Eastern shore of lake Peipsi, probably those East Finnics.

[kestutisturbo]

usefull sites

http://users.cwnet.com/millenia/lang.htm

References and Links