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Old Saturday, July 21st, 2007
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Default social capital gap in Italy

this article is about the social capital gap between north and south of Italy. Social capital is the indicator used to measure solidarity, number of public associations, civic sense, respect of law and institutions, responsability and mutual respect among citizens.
there's no other nation in Europe with such a huge difference regarding social capital than Italy.
I post this just to explain to those who can understand italian how radical are cultural differences between the two parts of Italy.
the portrait of a north more leaned towards european standards opposed to a south who still retain a familistic view of life.


Cittadini doc, l'Italia finisce a Terni
In un Atlante la mappa del 'capitale sociale'
Dai donatori di sangue alle attività sportive, il Sud resta in coda
di FABRIZIO RAVELLI



MILANO - C'è un tesoro nascosto. E c'è una mappa. Una mappa strappata, come nelle migliori tradizioni. E qui comincia il mistero: che cos'è il "capitale sociale", e cioè quella ricchezza nascosta che bisogna ritrovare? É una cosa che non compare nelle statistiche del Pil o del tasso di sviluppo. Si tratta di quel complesso di "fiducia, senso di obbligazione e di responsabilità verso gli altri e verso le istituzioni, solidarietà e partecipazione". Così lo definisce Roberto Cartocci, docente di Metodologia della scienza politica a Bologna. E lui il cacciatore di tesori. Quello che disegnato queste inedite "Mappe del tesoro", raccolte in un volume del Mulino.

La ricchezza collettiva è, in poche e sbrigative parole, il senso civico, sono le relazioni libere e disinteressate che legano fra loro i cittadini di una comunità. Una mappa difficile da disegnare, anche se l'argomento è fra i più in voga nel campo delle scienze sociali. Cartocci ha misurato il "capitale sociale" delle 103 province italiane, aggiornando e approfondendo il fondamentale lavoro di Robert Putnam ("La tradizione civica nelle regioni italiane"), pubblicato nel '93 ma basato su dati del ventennio precedente.

La copertina del volume di Cartocci è una mappa d'Italia strappata a metà, lungo i confini meridionali di Toscana, Marche e Umbria. Lungo due fiumi: da Fiora a Tronto.

Purtroppo, o inevitabilmente, assomiglia a uno di quei manifesti leghisti di vent'anni fa, quando la propaganda secessionista progettava di tirar su un muro a metà dello Stivale. Il muro, se si calcola la distribuzione del "capitale sociale", esiste. E non è dissimile da quello che divide le regioni più ricche da quelle più povere: "Redditi più bassi e carenza di capitale sociale coincidono. Il problema dell'analista è capire qual è la causa e qual è l'effetto".


Ma, in ogni caso, la mappa riserva nel dettaglio qualche bella sorpresa. Il "capitale sociale" è un bene comune, riserva benefici agli individui e alla comunità, ma si tratta di benefici disinteressati. Ha cioè a che fare anche con i valori, e cioè con "una dimensione irriducibile a considerazioni di vantaggio personale e di consapevole utilità per il singolo". Tiene insieme una comunità, le dà un senso. Ma come misurarlo? Cartocci mette a punto quattro indicatori empirici: diffusione della stampa quotidiana, livello di partecipazione elettorale, diffusione delle associazioni dello sport di base, diffusione delle donazioni di sangue. Una semplificazione, ma indispensabile. I primi due indicatori riguardano aspetti della relazione fra cittadini e comunità politica. Gli altri due la diffusione del senso di obbligazione e la socialità, la disponibilità a impegnarsi per gli altri.

La diffusione della stampa vede in testa Trieste (175 copie giornaliere ogni 1000 abitanti) e in coda Crotone (18 copie, un decimo). Le province con diffusione più elevata sono concentrare nel Centro-Nord, soprattutto sulle due rive del Po e sulla costa tirrenica. La Sardegna si distingue: è al quinto posto nella scala regionale, supera Lombardia, Toscana, Valle d'Aosta, Veneto e Piemonte. La geografia della partecipazione elettorale (dati dal '93 al 2001 di politiche, europee e referendum) vede in testa Emilia Romagna, Toscana e Umbria. In coda Campania, Sicilia e Calabria. La Sardegna, qui, si colloca al di sotto della media.

Gli altri due indicatori provano a misurare il "dono di sé", di tempo, denaro, e perfino sangue. Sono le risorse di altruismo e di obbligazione verso gli altri che alimentano il cosiddetto Terzo Settore, l'arcipelago del volontariato che si colloca fra Stato e mercato. La mappa dell'offerta di sangue vede in testa Emilia Romagna, Friuli Venezia Giulia, Piemonte, Veneto e Lombardia. Il dettaglio provinciale riserva una sorpresa: la provincia con il più alto numero di donatori in Italia è Ragusa. L'unica altra provincia meridionale fra le prime 10 è Matera. Palermo sta nella stessa classe di Reggio Emilia, Bologna, Perugia, Bolzano, Sondrio.

L'associazionismo sportivo è l'ultimo indicatore di "capitale sociale" misurato dalle mappe di Cartocci. Anche qui resiste un forte divario Nord-Sud.
In tutte le 11 regioni del Centro-Nord esistono in media 2,5 società sportive ogni 1000 abitanti, con la sola eccezione della Lombardia che sconta i tassi più bassi nell'area metropolitana di Milano (così come Roma in rapporto al Lazio). Le aree metropolitane, in genere, sono le più deboli. Il primato è della Valle d'Aosta, con quasi 4 società su mille abitanti.

E, alla fine, il punto sulla ricerca della dotazione di "capitale sociale". C'è quella frattura fra Centro-Nord e Centro-Sud, quella linea Fiora-Tronto: sopra questa linea si trovano solo 6 province con valori negativi, quelle della fascia pedemontana (Vercelli, Varese, Sondrio) più Imperia, Macerata e Ascoli Piceno. Si vede una distribuzione più frastagliata al Centro-Nord, e una più omogenea al Centro-Sud.

I valori medi di questa ricchezza vedono ampiamente al primo posto l'Emilia Romagna, seguita da Toscana e Friuli Venezia Giulia. La Sardegna è l'unica regione centromeridionale con un valore positivo, superiore a quello delle Marche.

Il dato sconfortante è in questa domanda che Cartocci si fa: "Perché lo squilibrio in termini di risorse di capitale sociale è rimasto pressoché invariato dopo due decenni e più?". La ricerca di Putnam, infatti, approdava a risultati analoghi. L'Italia era e rimane un Paese spaccato, sia per distribuzione di ricchezza economica sia per "capitale sociale". In Europa non c'è altra nazione che abbia una analoga polarizzazione fra regioni ricche e povere, salvo (per difetto) la Germania riunificata nel '90.

Il deficit di "capitale sociale" di cui soffrono gli italiani, soprattutto nel Mezzogiorno, "non significa assenza di solidarietà, ma assenza di una solidarietà che abbia un orizzonte congruente con l'assetto politico-istituzionale di una grande democrazia". Significa che prevalgono forme "più coriacee" di solidarietà, come il familismo e il localismo.

Queste mappe, scrive Cartocci, riecheggiano la formula di Metternich, l'Italia "mera espressione geografica". Con una complicazione, che riguarda la politica. Le due aree più distanti in termini di sviluppo economico e "capitale sociale"presentano differenze minime nella distribuzione delle preferenze politiche. Poiché i due poli sono separati da una minima quota di voti, non possono rinunciare a frazioni di elettorato al Nord o al Sud. Il rischio è quello dell'inazione, dell'immobilismo, dell'incapacità di ricucire quello strappo sulla mappa del tesoro.


(11 giugno 2007)
Cittadini doc, l'Italia finisce a Terni In un Atlante la mappa del 'capitale sociale' - cronaca - Repubblica.it
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Old Saturday, July 21st, 2007
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Default Re: social capital gap in Italy

I've said this before in other places (and am going to respond in English, since my Italian isn't good enough now for me to be comfortable responding to this in detail), and i'll say it again - Southern Italy should reinvent itself as a "Resort Area" in the way that Greece is considered. They should line their coastal cities with convenient establishments, begin globally advertising those cities and arrange packages so people can go there and stay on Holiday.

Since most of the violence associated with the mafia is gone now, I think this isn't a ridiculous proposal.

There isn't really much else that can work there, in the big picture.

And, it's not like I don't have an interest in their well-being. My family is there and I think the best future for Southern Italy is in making itself a resort-driven economy.
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Old Saturday, July 21st, 2007
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Default Re: social capital gap in Italy

And do you think Southern Italy doesn't already do this?
The Amalfi coast is pretty much 100% tourist friendly. The south cannot survive on tourism alone. La mano nera is also very alive and well in il sud. Perhaps not as alive as it once was, but it is still there.
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Old Sunday, July 22nd, 2007
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Default Re: social capital gap in Italy

Quote:
Originally Posted by Strengthandhonour View Post
And do you think Southern Italy doesn't already do this?
The Amalfi coast is pretty much 100% tourist friendly. The south cannot survive on tourism alone. La mano nera is also very alive and well in il sud. Perhaps not as alive as it once was, but it is still there.
Tourism advertisement outside of Italy, in the South is virtually non-existant.

Yes, I know people go to Taromina and the like, but it's only Italians doing it.

Globally, there are packages to go to all sorts of Greek Islands.

Southern Italy needs THAT.
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Old Sunday, July 22nd, 2007
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Default Re: social capital gap in Italy

Quote:
Originally Posted by Occidentian View Post
Southern Italy needs THAT.
THIS?
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Old Sunday, July 22nd, 2007
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Default Re: social capital gap in Italy

The problem with Italy also is that..who wants to go to the south?besides for the beaches and Pompeii not many people give a damn. When people go to Italy they want to see the hot spots..Venezia,Roma,Milano,Firenze,Torino..most Italy tours don't go down more south than Pompeii if you are lucky.
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Old Sunday, July 22nd, 2007
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Default Re: social capital gap in Italy

Quote:
Originally Posted by kyashan View Post
I post this just to explain to those who can understand italian how radical are cultural differences between the two parts of Italy.
Then you should have translated it. As it is, in Italian, for most people it will be as good as nothing.

Quote:
the portrait of a north more leaned towards european standards opposed to a south who still retain a familistic view of life.
Are you sure that that is what you wanted to say?

If you present Southern Italy as a more family oriented region, and oppose that to what you call "European standards" I hope that you realize that what derives from it is that Southern Italy is much less decadent than Europe.

Quote:
Originally Posted by Occidentian View Post
I've said this before in other places (and am going to respond in English, since my Italian isn't good enough now for me to be comfortable responding to this in detail)
Your American opinion about the development of Southern Italy as a tourist banana republic, without a single mentioning of the badly needed for radical social reforms and infrastuctures that help create sustainable industries, is appreciated in its just value.
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Old Monday, July 23rd, 2007
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Default Re: social capital gap in Italy

Quote:
Originally Posted by Strengthandhonour View Post
And do you think Southern Italy doesn't already do this?
The Amalfi coast is pretty much 100% tourist friendly. The south cannot survive on tourism alone. La mano nera is also very alive and well in il sud. Perhaps not as alive as it once was, but it is still there.
More than the violent mafia, it is the white collar level of the corruption system that mortify the south.

Ruling classes are the real mafia, and they can use the violent one when they desire.

Doctors, enterpreneurs, politicians, administrators, all are meritless and thievish.

When balance of power breaks some blood is spilled, but on average the south is tranquil, the real violence, the lack of rights of the ones who are not well connected, is the norm.

That is why we are pessimistic about southern italy, as for the rest are many southerners who are residing in the north out of necessity and who rerain from returning just because they know that the usual sorry state of thing won't change.

The south is far more beautiful than the north, climate is warm all over the year and the skies are blue, this is Italy as it is stereotypically known abroad.

If so many choose not to return in such a beautiful land so choosing the grayish, dark, cold and polluted north it means there is not much to do to redress the ever ailing southern socio-political system.
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Old Monday, July 23rd, 2007
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Default Re: social capital gap in Italy

Sicily and the South have a great potential as a tourist resort, but all the area is underexploited regarding tourism. Sicily itself has just 80.000 sleeping accommodation for example (old statistics though).
Other nations like France and Spain rank higher than Italy for touristic presences per year.
As for Mafia the problem is not how strong organized crime is but how weak is the italian state.
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Old Monday, July 23rd, 2007
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Default Re: social capital gap in Italy

Quote:
Originally Posted by kyashan View Post
Sicily and the South have a great potential as a tourist resort, but all the area is underexploited regarding tourism. Sicily itself has just 80.000 sleeping accommodation for example (old statistics though).
Other nations like France and Spain rank higher than Italy for touristic presences per year.
The development of the tourism in Spain has destroyed the beaches and the coast, has brought corruption and of course has transformed all.

Don't do the same mistake.

Now the Balearic Islands only live from the tourism, a suicide, but for the politics and constructors is the paradise. ¡Viva el ladrillo!

I think that the "Govern Balear" (Balearic Government) gives you a prize if you find a Spaniard in Mallorca.
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