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Italo-Dalmatian Italiano, Calabro-Sicilian, Napoletano-Calabrese, etc.

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Old Wednesday, April 11th, 2007
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Default Re: The Identity Problem in Italy [split: Tipologia dei Longobardi dall'Italia]

on an ethnolinguistic perspective I would consider as northern those regions where Rheto-Cisalpine languages are spoken excluding Südtyrol (with the exception of two ladin speaking valleys) and Valle d'Aosta, although the last one is someway more "italianized" being a part of Piedmont for centuries before the italian unification. there is a small part of Valle d'Aosta which is actually piedmontese speaking and piedmontese is also spoken or understood in the rest of the region along with the franco-provençal patois. first names are generally italian:
Paginebianche.it | Risultato della Ricerca&
the average valdotaine speaks patois with the family and italian at work or outside of the family. very different if compared with Southtyrol.

one of the thing that divides the most N. Italian accent from S.Italian one is the so-called 'raddoppiamento fono-sintattico': I can't translate this expression in english but Central and Southern Italians are used to double consonants between a preposition and a word in their pronunciation
N.Italy: va bene, a volte
C. and S.Italy: vabbene, avvolte

they also double consonants inside a word: 'esagerare' becomes 'esaGGerare', 'terribile' becomes 'terriBBile'.
you can easily tell when someone is from North or South because of that.
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Old Wednesday, April 11th, 2007
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Default Re: The Identity Problem in Italy [split: Tipologia dei Longobardi dall'Italia]

Well, maps of Northern Italy made by Padanian separatists, based on the historical regional languages, usually include Liguria and Emilia-Romagna, excluding Val d'Aoste and Süd-Tyrol.

http://website.lineone.net/~traditio/padania.jpg

http://www.geocities.com/Athens/Thebes/8042/Padania.gif

The Lega Nord's definition even frequently includes also Tuscany, Marche and Umbria.
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Old Thursday, April 12th, 2007
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Default Re: The Identity Problem in Italy [split: Tipologia dei Longobardi dall'Italia]

At one point or another Italy will have to look forward to a system of confederation. A very sui generis one. I am surprised that no one has sketched any model yet.
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Old Thursday, April 12th, 2007
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Default Re: The Identity Problem in Italy [split: Tipologia dei Longobardi dall'Italia]

This is strange. They include Tuscany, Umbria and Marche in the group of the Lega Nord. This is no longer a "northern" league but a "north and central" league (except for Lazio).

Lega Nord - Valle d'Aosta
Lega Nord - Piemont
Lega Nord - Liguria
Lega Lombarda
Lega Nord - Trentino
Liga Veneta - Lega Nord
Lega Nord Friuli - Venezia Giulia
Lega Nord Romagna

Lega Nord - Toscana
Lega Nord Umbria
Lega Nord Marche
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–Plato–

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Old Thursday, April 12th, 2007
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Default Re: The Identity Problem in Italy [split: Tipologia dei Longobardi dall'Italia]

Quote:
Originally Posted by Mynydd
At one point or another Italy will have to look forward to a system of confederation.
Indeed, that's my opinion as well. I was surprised to read this though, when looking for informations on Padania :

One pollestimated that 52.4% of Padanians north of the Po river consider secession advantageous ("vantaggiosa"), and 23.2% both advantageous and convenient ("auspicabile").

I did not know that popular support for Padanian independence was so important.
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Old Thursday, April 12th, 2007
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Default Re: The Identity Problem in Italy [split: Tipologia dei Longobardi dall'Italia]

Now this is fun:

Lega Sud Ausonia

I don't know what this Ausonia is. All it reminds me of is the TV commercials of some sanitary towel for women, and I think that there was some talcum powder of that brand.

The regions that this Southern League comprise are:

"Abruzzo, Basilicata, Calabria, Campania, Lazio (limitatamente alle provincie di Latina e Frosinone), Molise, Puglia e Sicilia"

I have to wonder, why the region of Lazio only limited to the provinces of Latina and Frosnone? Or even, whey the Lazio at all?

I would have hoped for a "Lega Italica" for the regions of Lazio, Toscana, Umbria and Marche.

Umh.. I think that my preferred one would have been a Lega Italica: Roma, Firenze.. La Toscana, Umbria..


P.S. There is even a Miss Ausonia beauty contest!

LA PIU\' BELLA DEL SUD
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We can easily forgive a child who is afraid of the dark; the real tragedy of life is when men are afraid of the light.

–Plato–

'Many people, I believe, wish for a society where faith, decency, pro-life convictions and national self-determination within Europe can flourish; and not be swallowed up in a dictatorial EU bureaucracy.'

Gerry McGeough, Irish Nationalist and POW–

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Old Thursday, April 12th, 2007
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Default Re: The Identity Problem in Italy [split: Tipologia dei Longobardi dall'Italia]

I have heard of Lega Ausonia before. Not a very serious party. Some have claimed in the past that is just a joke to get back at lega nord and poke fun. There is also a party I believe, the name escapes me that wishes for the former monarchs of Naples to return and to return the south and parts of central Italy to the old "Kingdom of the two sicilies" style.
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Default Re: The Identity Problem in Italy [split: Tipologia dei Longobardi dall'Italia]

Quote:
Originally Posted by Theobald View Post
Indeed, that's my opinion as well. I was surprised to read this though, when looking for informations on Padania :

One pollestimated that 52.4% of Padanians north of the Po river consider secession advantageous ("vantaggiosa"), and 23.2% both advantageous and convenient ("auspicabile").

I did not know that popular support for Padanian independence was so important.
I'm not so sure that secession would be all that "advantageous". I assume that by advantageous they mean in economic terms. There are a few things to consider. The South must be a considerable market for the products of the North. And I wonder how much of the economy and of the industry of the North is in hands of people from the South.

By the way, blaming Southern Italians for having migrated to the North would not be much fair in my opinion. I believe that the old northern republics had a established tradition of attracting foreign labour.

The most extreme case was in the limits of the north with Tuscany, the city of Livorno. In order to attract citizens, they offered a charter by which people who arrived to settle there would be protected if they were persecuted in other countries. This attracted criminals from Central Europe and Italy as well as Moriscos and Marranos from Spain.

A little Australia!
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We can easily forgive a child who is afraid of the dark; the real tragedy of life is when men are afraid of the light.

–Plato–

'Many people, I believe, wish for a society where faith, decency, pro-life convictions and national self-determination within Europe can flourish; and not be swallowed up in a dictatorial EU bureaucracy.'

Gerry McGeough, Irish Nationalist and POW–

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Old Thursday, April 12th, 2007
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Default Re: The Identity Problem in Italy [split: Tipologia dei Longobardi dall'Italia]

Quote:
Originally Posted by Mynydd View Post
The most extreme case was in the limits of the north with Tuscany, the city of Livorno. In order to attract citizens, they offered a charter by which people who arrived to settle there would be protected if they were persecuted in other countries. This attracted criminals from Central Europe and Italy as well as Moriscos and Marranos from Spain.

A little Australia!
Here is a more exact account:

History

In the 16th century, Cosimo I (1537-1574) wanted to increase the importance of Livorno, so he invited foreigners, including Marranos, to come to the new port. In 1587, the Grand Duke invited merchants of all nations to come to Livorno and Pisa. Further invitations were made by Ferdinand I (1587-1609), in 1593, who offered asylum to all Levantines, Spanish, Portugese, Germans and Italians.

Jews and other nationalities were given many rights and privileges. Ferdinand I’s charter offered the Jews religious freedom, amnesty from previous crimes, full Tuscan citizenship and special courts with civil and criminal jurisdictions. Safe passage of goods and persons was guaranteed to all Jews who moved to Livorno. Jews could own houses, inherit property, carry arms at any hour, open shops in all parts of the city, have Christian servants and nursemaids, study at the university, work as doctors and did not have to wear the Jewish badge. Finally, unlike many other cities in Tuscany, Jews did not have to live in a ghetto.

These conditions proved attractive to Marranos and Levantines and the Jewish population grew from 114, in 1601 to 3,000 by 1689. Jews came to be the most important nation living in Livorno. Spanish and Portugese became the official language of Jewish merchants in Livorno and remained so until the late 18th century.

Jewish Traders

Jews were involved in a variety of industries, besides moneylending. One of the specialized industries was the coral industry; Jews exported products to Russia and India and used coral to make ritual objects. The soap, paper, sugar-refining and wine distillation industries were also run by Jews. In 1632, the Jews imported the first coffee into Italy and opened coffeehouses in Livorno. Besides manufacturing, Jews were also involved in the slave trade, providing ransom money for Christians imprisoned in North Africa and handling the return of ransomed Moors.

One well-known Jewish merchant, Maggino di Gabriele left Pisa to set up a textile and glass manufacturing industry in Livorno. Jewish merchants had contacts throughout the Mediterranean and many Jewish families sent relatives to Tripoli, Tunis and Smyrna. These trade networks existed throughout the 18th and 19th centuries. In 1765, more than one-third of Livorno’s 150 commercial houses were owned by Jews. The Jews’ fame and fortune were well-known throughout Europe and inspired an offer by Louis XIV, King of France, to resettle the whole community in Marseilles.

The sovereignty of Tuscany changed to the house of Lorraine in 1737, however, conditions for the Jews remained the same. Leopold I (1745-1790) offered more privileges to the Jews, including the right to representation on the Municipal Council. By the end of the 18th century, nearly 5,000 Jews lived in Livorno in an open quarter.

After Napoleon invaded Livorno in 1796, the situation deteriorated for the Jews. Many Jews supported the French occupation and paid for French military costs. Special privileges given to Jews over the past couple centuries were taken away. Livorno declined in importance when Tuscany was annexed to the Kingdom of Italy in 1859 and met with stiff competition from other port cities. By the end of the 19th century the Jewish population had decreased to 2,500.


The Virtual Jewish History Tour - Livorno (Leghorn)
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We can easily forgive a child who is afraid of the dark; the real tragedy of life is when men are afraid of the light.

–Plato–

'Many people, I believe, wish for a society where faith, decency, pro-life convictions and national self-determination within Europe can flourish; and not be swallowed up in a dictatorial EU bureaucracy.'

Gerry McGeough, Irish Nationalist and POW–

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Old Thursday, April 12th, 2007
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Default Re: The Identity Problem in Italy [split: Tipologia dei Longobardi dall'Italia]

Quote:
Originally Posted by Mynydd View Post
P.S. There is even a Miss Ausonia beauty contest!

LA PIU\' BELLA DEL SUD
And they have their Northern counterpart :



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Old Thursday, April 12th, 2007
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Default Re: The Identity Problem in Italy [split: Tipologia dei Longobardi dall'Italia]

This can only be resolved in one way!



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–Plato–

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Old Friday, April 13th, 2007
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Default Re : The Identity Problem in Italy [split: Tipologia dei Longobardi dall'Italia]

Quote:
Originally Posted by Mynydd
That Rhaeto-Cisalpine terms doesn't sound familiar. Do you mean Rhaeto-Romance or Gallo-Romance, or both together?
I'm not a linguist, but the Northern Italian dialects sound more Italic than French to me. I don't know why they are classified as Gallo-Romance.
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Old Friday, April 13th, 2007
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Default Re: Re : The Identity Problem in Italy [split: Tipologia dei Longobardi dall'Italia]

Quote:
Originally Posted by Salaün View Post
I'm not a linguist, but the Northern Italian dialects sound more Italic than French to me. I don't know why they are classified as Gallo-Romance.
Apropos, Salaun, tell me what bena or benna would tell to you.

The linguistic divide is the la Spezia Rimini line. As I said in other threads the researches that identify our local languages as romance are excusively non italian, since the italian school was influenced by italian nationalism, who woud never admit to a link to France existing in northern italy. Such reasons are understandable. The most notable work identifying the padanese substratum as gallo-romance is the thesis by Sidney academic Prof. Geoffrey Hull.

This is Hull introductin (italian)


La Lengua “PADANESA” - The Padanian Language Autur: Geoffrey Hull (Universitaa MacArthur de Sidney, Australia) Scrivuu in lengua italiana (variant standard tuscana) Nell’isolare dal sistema linguistico italiano le parlate ladine, Ascoli lasciò in un limbo terminologico i dialetti che il Biondelli, trent’anni prima, aveva denominato “gallo-italici”.1 Secondo l’illustre dialettologo goriziano, il piemontese, il ligure, il lombardo e l’emiliano-romagnolo “si distaccano dal sistema italiano vero e proprio, ma pur non entrano a far parte di alcun sistema neolatino estraneo all’Italia”.2 Durante i primi decenni dell’unità nazionale i glottologi provarono a definire più chiaramente lo status del “gallo-italico” nei confronti del ladino da un lato e dei dialetti peninsulari dall’altro. In quell’epoca di nazionalismo esasperato era difficile che l’indagine non assumesse toni politici. Parecchi studiosi infatti si sentivano in dovere di dimostrare a priori l’italianità sia del gallo-italico sia del ladino, mentre l’insistenza di altri linguisti (soprattutto germanofoni) sulla fisionomia palesemente galloromanza dei due gruppi non poteva allora non sembrare colorita di pregiudizi antirisorgimentali.3 Che la lingua indigena della Val Padana, regione da considerarsi la pietra angolare dell’unità italiana, potesse risultare dall’analisi strutturalista sorella del francese e solo cugina del toscano era per molti una considerazione tanto intollerabile quanto eretica. Venne dunque canonizzato un sistema di classificazione specificamente italiano e ribadito più dalla tradizione classicista che dal metodo scientifico in base al quale “italiani” (o “italoromanzi”) risultavano quei dialetti che si erano da tempo subordinati al toscano letterario.4 Secondo un tale criterio un dialetto come l’emiliano o il ticinese, che condivide tutte o quasi tutte le caratteristiche fondamentali col francese, poteva definirsi senza tema di errore “italiano”. Per chi non accetta la tesi italianista la denominazione di “gallo-italico”, applicata a vernacoli parlati sì in territorio politicamente italiano ma a nord della nota linea La Spezia-Rimini, rimane inesatta nonché ingannevole. Anche ammettendo l’importanza psicologica dell’orientaniento culturale, è difficile capire come sia possibile dedurre da aspetti secondari (che costituiscono d’altronde solo una patina di “superstrato”) che tale dialetto sia strutturalmente italoromanzo: nessuno si sognerebbe per esempio di definire il còrso dialetto galloromanzo a cagione degli influssi genovesi e poi francesi che lo trasfomano da secoli. Riteniamo dunque sostanzialmente giusto il giudizio dei vari specialisti di glottologia romanza che considerano il cosiddetto “alto-italiano” come parte integrante del sistema galloromanzo e parente stretto del francese (incluso il franco-provenzale) e dell’occitano catalano.5 E diremmo con Pierre Bec che il termine “gallo-italico” va corretto in “galloromanzo cisalpino” o “galloromanzo italiano” (qui “italiano” si intende in senso rigorosamente extralinguistico). La classificazione spoliticizzata dei dialetti della Padania ha inevitabilmente modificato la concezione del ladino come unità linguistica indipendente dal “ramo padano dell’italoromanzo”. Anche i ladinisti più accaniti hanno potuto trascendere la loro posizione di difesa di una favella che sin dal Medioevo si era sviluppata fuori dalla sfera culturale italiana, col guardare oltre gli italianismi superficiali dei dialetti della pianura. Molti di loro si sono infatti dichiarati aperti alla tesi di un’originaria unità reto-cisalpina, a patto che si rinunci a ogni tentativo di collegare questo sistema all’italiano vero e proprio.6 Si ammette che la “conquista toscana” della Val Padana nel Rinascimento abbia portato a una certa italianizzazione del vernacolo galloromanzo (o potremmo dire, ladino) di questa zona 7, e che sono appunto le aree marginali chiamate più tardi “Ladinia” che conservarono incontaminata (prescindendo da forti influssi tedeschi nei Grigioni e nel Tirolo) l’originaria tradizione linguistica della Padania. Nel 1982 ho presentato una tesi di dottorato di ricerca col titolo inglese di The Linguistic Unity of Northern Italy and Rhaetia in cui ho tentato di delineare lo sviluppo storico e la fisionomia attuale dei dialetti ladini e padani.8 L’ipotizzata unità l’ho ribattezzata “padanese”, coniazione che si vuol riferire alla Padania linguistica anziché geografica (cioè all’anfizona reto-cisalpina) e necessitata dal fatto che l’aggettivo padano indica proprianiente la lingua di solo il bacino del Po. La Padania: terra gallica nel mondo italico È risaputo che nella struttura etnica dell’Italia la principale linea divisoria coincide quasi perfettamente con il crinale degli Appennini tosco-erniliani. A nord di questa linea si era stabilita in tempi antichi una popolazione celtica o celtizzata la cui terra fu chiamala Gallia Cisalpina dai Romani che la conquistarono fra il 193 e il 78 a.C. Venti secoli più tardi l’antropologia della Padania è poco cambiata, nonostante la profonda romanizzazione della zona e la seriore affermazione di una civiltà tosco-italiana: razza compattamente brachicefalica anziché mesocefalica o dolicocefalica come nella Penisola; abitazioni popolari di tipo alpino o subalpino anziché mediterraneo; consumo di prodotti bovini anziché ovini e cottura al burro anziché all’olio; canto polifonico, sillabico e narrativo anziché solistico, melismatico e lirico; coscienza linguistica e filosofica tendenzialmente analitica anziché sintetica, e così via. La suddivisione dell’Italia in due diocesi (con le capitali rispettive a Roma e a Milano) compiuta da Diocleziano nel 298 d.C. non solo mise in rilievo le esistenti differenze etniche e ambientali delle due Italie, ma inserì la Padania pienamente nel nuovo e opulento mondo galloromano che aveva da tempo eclissato Roma e il suo retroterra peninsulare. Ciò è confermato tra l’altro dalla tradizione scolastica latina che si mantenne più salda in Padania che nella Penisola e dal prestigio della chiesa ambrosiana nei cui santuari si celebrava una liturgia di tipo gallicano piuttosto che romano e i cui fedeli erano stati convertiti “freschi” dal paganesimo e non tramite un elemento cristiano greco nella popolazione locale. Si svilupparono quindi nell’Italia continentale dialetti di stampo galloromanzo che non dovevano essere diversi in nessun particolare importante dal proto-francese. Al potente superstrato franco della Francia settentrionale corrisponde in Padania la doppia presenza longobarda e franca. Nel tardo Medioevo si erano diffuse nel Nord le lingue letterarie francese e provenzale che erano così accessibili ai cisalpini da ostacolare, alla vigilia del “miracolo fiorentino”, la formazione di una genuina e duratura koiné padana.9 Se i Longobardi non avessero aggregato la Toscana al loro regno padano è chiaro che sarebbero sorte due nazioni sul territorio dell’italia augustea, così diverse fra di loro come la spagnuola e la francese. Legata politicaniente e culturalmente al Nord, la Toscana, regione “meridionale”, si andò arricchendo di correnti provenienti dalla Gallo-romania. Il suo dialetto, pur conservando la sua struttura italoromanza, s’intrise di elementi padani. Ne risultò una trasformazione fisionomica che consentì al toscano di diventare la perfetta koiné italica e, con l’ascesa dei grandi autori fiorentini, la sola lingua letteraria capace di riunire in un’unica nazione ideale la Padania gallica e le terre toscoitaliche ed elleniche della Penisola e delle Isole. La fiorente civiltà comunale della Padania medioevale è, per altro, inseparabile dal coevo fenomeno toscano. Si era infatti formata una sfera di cultura tosco-padana nella quale Firenze assunse presto il predominio, tant’è vero che quasi l’intera Padania accolse senza esitazioni la civiltà rinascimentale irradiata dalla Toscana, e rinunciò - pare per sempre - a ogni vera ambizione di crearsi una propria lingua letteraria comune radicata nella parlata materna. Nell’ambito di questa moderna Italia la Padania fu destinata a rimanere una provincia di carattere ambiguo: italiana di cultura elevata, ma galloromana nelle sue tradizioni popolari. Solo i futuri Ladini, cioè i “lombardi” delle zone alpine dominate dagli Alemanni e dai Bavaresi, si erano sottratti a questo processo centrifugo. Oggi i padani si definiscono spontaneamente italiani settentrionali, sentendosi infatti così italiani da poter asserire sciovinisticamente che “l’Italia finisce al Po” o perlomeno “agli Appennini”. Non manca chi ritiene che la stessa nozione di un’etnia padana distinta da quella italiana sia del tutto assurda.10 Può essere anche vero. Nondimeno rimangono saldissimi i tratti distintivi della lingua ereditaria di questi “italiani settentrionali”, la quale, dopo quattordici secoli di simbiosi tosco-padana, si mantiene più galloromana che mai. Diremmo inoltre che la frantumazione dialettale, normalissima in una lingua eteronoma che non è mai stata codificata, non è neppure progredita al punto di alterarne l’unità fondamentale. In questa unità faremmo rientrare, con solo limitate riserve, il friulano, il ladino dolomitico e svizzero, e i dialetti lievemente italianizzati della Liguria, del Veneto e dell’Istria. Limitazioni di spazio ci permettono di accennare soltanto brevemente ad alcuni dei tratti specifici delle parlate padanesi, di cui intendiamo soprattutto segnalare quegli aspetti che le separano in modo vistoso dai dialetti italiani e che mettono in risalto la loro parentela con le altre varietà del galloromanzo. Le diverse forme dialettali sono state di proposito ridotte a prototipi retocisalpini raccolti in una grafia unitaria di tipo etimologico e capace di abbracciare ogni variante fonetica.11 Nel vocalismo tonico spicca anzitutto la potenziale dittongazione di tutte le vocali toniche in posizione libera12: i tipi reto-cisalpini mär (növ)