Different genetic components in the Norwegian population

[Gil]

Different genetic components in the Norwegian population revealed by the analysis of mtDNA and Y chromosome polymorphisms

The genetic composition of the Norwegian population was investigated by analysing polymorphisms associated with both the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and Y chromosome loci in a sample of 74 Norwegian males. The combination of their uniparental mode of inheritance and the absence of recombination make these haplotypic stretches of DNA the tools of choice in evaluating the different components of a population’s gene pool. The sequencing of the Dloop and two diagnostic RFLPs (AluI 7025 and HinfI at 12 308) allowed us to classify the mtDNA molecules in 10 previously described groups. As for the Y chromosome the combination of binary markers and microsatellites allowed us to compare our results to those obtained elsewhere in Europe. Both mtDNA and Y chromosome polymorphisms showed a noticeable genetic affinity between Norwegians and central Europeans, especially Germans. When the phylogeographic analysis of the Y chromosome haplotypes was attempted some interesting clues on the peopling of Norway emerged. Although Y chromosome binary and microsatellite data indicate that 80% of the haplotypes are closely related to Central and western Europeans, the remainder share a unique binary marker (M17) common in eastern Europeans with informative microsatellite haplotypes suggesting a different demographic history. Other minor genetic influences on the Norwegian population from Uralic speakers and Mediterranean populations were also highlighted.

PDF file

Geographical heterogeneity of Y-chromosomal lineages in Norway

Y-chromosomal variation at five biallelic markers (Tat, YAP, 12f2, SRY10831 and 92R7) and nine multiallelic short tandem repeat (STR) loci (DYS19, DYS389I, DYS389II, DYS390, DYS391, DYS392, DYS393, DYS385I/II and DYS388) in a Norwegian population sample are presented. The material consists of 1766 unrelated males of Norwegian origin. The geographical distribution of the population sample reflects fairly well the population distribution around the year 1942, which is the median birth year of the index persons. Seven hundred and twenty-one different Y-STR haplotypes but 726 different lineages (Y-STRs plus biallelic markers) were encountered. We observed six known (P*(xR1a), BR(xDE, J, N3, P), R1a, N3, DE, J), and one previously undescribed haplogroup (probably a subgroup within haplogroup P*(xR1a)). Four of the haplogroups (P*(xR1a), BR(xDE, J, N3, P), R1a and N3) represented about 98% of the population sample. The analysis of population pairwise differences indicates that the Norwegian Y-chromosome distribution most closely resembles those observed in Iceland, Germany, the Netherlands and Denmark. Within Norway, geographical substructuring was observed between regions and counties. The substructuring reflects to some extent the European Y-chromosome gradients, with higher frequency of P*(xR1a) in the south-west and of R1a in the east. Heterogeneity in major founder groups, geographical isolation, severe epidemics, historical trading links and population movements may have led to population stratification and have most probably contributed to the observed regional differences in distribution of haplotypes within two of the major haplogroups.

Source and Material:

http://vetinari.sitesled.com/norway.pdf

[Savage]

Originally Posted by Manji

[b]Different genetic components in the Norwegian population....

http://vetinari.sitesled.com/norway.pdf

There has been a steady input of Sami infuence in the Norwegian society on all levels, this for more than 1000 years. It has gone both ways.

There has traditional also been migration in the northern areas from Kvenland, Bjarmland, Karelen, Suomi, Russia and Sweden. Then comes spread danish and german inputs.

The southwestern part of Norway may have a little different chemistry, with less of the northeastern influence, but clearly more of the continental and british.

Then there are pockets of stronger influence of the northern migration in the south, Finnskogen, Oppland, Ringerike, and from newer history also Vestfold, and in the north, pockets of immigrants from southern Norway, that also has keept their dialect intact after 150-200 years.

[Savage]

Also a current to mention is the traditional fishexport from Hålogaland to Bjørgvin. (From Northern Norway to Bergen) This trade route is older than 1000 years, and has given a steady input of influence.

Bergen served as Norways international port, and the fish were reexported to the continent from there. Later became Bergen a Hansastadt, and the continental input and mixtures has become quite interesting.
Bergeners consider themselves an own race, nearly a nation in the nation.

Kurt Nilsen is a Bergenser.

Pjokken Eide is

And Arne Bendiksen

all musicans and entertainers...