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Old Thursday, September 14th, 2006
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Default Татарские ярлыки 16 в. литовским князьям

Акты, относящиеся к истории Западной России, собранные и изданные Археографическою комиссиею. Том второй. 1506-1544. Санктпетербург. 1848.




Last edited by Austrvegr; Thursday, September 14th, 2006 at 13:27.
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Old Thursday, September 14th, 2006
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Default Re: Ярлыки 16 в. Литве на управление украинским





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Old Thursday, September 14th, 2006
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Default Re: Ярлыки 16 в. Литве на управление украинским

Русская историческая библиотека, т. 30. Литовская метрика. Отделы первый-второй. Часть третья: Книги публичных дел. Том первый. Юрьев. 1914.







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Old Saturday, September 23rd, 2006
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Default Re: Ярлыки 16 в. Литве на управление украински&#

Quote:
Originally Posted by Austrvegr
Dear comrade Whiteruthenian, as promised, I have posted the texts of the yarlyks. From them you can see that as late as the 16th century grand dukes of Lithuania recognized that they ruled Ukrainian and Byelorussian lands on behalf of Tatars and paid tribute for them to the Horde.

http://forum.stirpes.net/showthread....ed=1#post84746
Btw. you read old Belarusian. Nice to see it.

The text from post 1.
In the 16th century the Golden Horde didn’t already exist. There were only its fragments, one of them was the Crimea Horde. (By the way, didn’t the dynasty of Mengli-Girey start to rule the Crimea Horde with the help of the Grand Duchy?) In fact that letter tells the inhabitants of lands that probably were subordinated to the Golden Horde for some time to pay tribute to the Grand Duchy. What is the problem?

The text from post 2.
If I understand clearly that text is supposed to be a Sigizmund’s ‘humble answer’ to something? Well, Sigizmund imposes conditions himself and insists on following them. Is it humbleness?

The text from post 3.
This text is later confirmation of the text from post 2. No comments.

Post something else, please. It’s cool to read our historical documents just at the computer. (As I said once I am too lazy to go to library).
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Old Friday, September 29th, 2006
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Default Re: Ярлыки 16 в. Литве на управление украински&#

Quote:
Originally Posted by Whiteruthenian
Btw. you read old Belarusian. Nice to see it.



Looks like I read it better than you judging by the time it took you to have read and your obvious problems in understanding its meaning.


Quote:
Originally Posted by Whiteruthenian
The text from post 1.
Quote:
Originally Posted by Whiteruthenian
In the 16th century the Golden Horde didn’t already exist. There were only its fragments, one of them was the Crimea Horde. (By the way, didn’t the dynasty of Mengli-Girey start to rule the Crimea Horde with the help of the Grand Duchy?) In fact that letter tells the inhabitants of lands that probably were subordinated to the Golden Horde for some time to pay tribute to the Grand Duchy. What is the problem?

The problem is that you misunderstand the text (or pretend so ). It says in plain Belarusian () that the Crimean Khan grants the Lithuanian Duke/Polish King a yarlik to rule its lands of the Tatars' behalf and pay tribute from them to the Horde. Try to concentrate as much as you can and read the following as attentively as possible:


Quote:
Ино первые цари, дяды наши, и царь отецъ нашъ пожаловалъ которыми ярлыки, а потомъ и мы которымъ ярлыкомъ пожаловали, милуючи, Жикгимонта брата нашого, въ Литовской земли столецъ ему дали есмо … сесь нашъ ярлыкъ зъ ласки … по первому жъ сполна дани и выходы и службу … не будете ль сполна служити, и вамъ никоторого жъ добра не будетъ, будете воеваны и граблены, сего нашого ярлыка не будете ль послушными …



Quote:
Originally Posted by Whiteruthenian
The text from post 2.
Quote:
Originally Posted by Whiteruthenian
If I understand clearly that text is supposed to be a Sigizmund’s ‘humble answer’ to something? Well, Sigizmund imposes conditions himself and insists on following them. Is it humbleness?

In this text Sigizmund recognizes that most of his lands belong not to him but to the Horde and that he rules these lands on behalf of the Horde and pays tribute for them to the Horde. I would like to draw your attention to the fact that the Belarusian Polotsk is among the lands over which Sigizmund acknowledge Tatar overlordship.


Quote:
Къ тому тежъ царь Сагипъ-кгирей маетъ королю его милости и потомкомъ его милости во впокои держати: почонши у головахъ, Кiевъ и зъ землями и зъ водами, Луческъ со тмами и зъ землями и зъ водами, Смоленескъ со тмою и зъ водами и зъ землями, Полоцкъ со тмою и зъ землями и зъ водами...
Што ся дотычетъ поминковъ, ино король его милость маетъ царю, за добрость его, въ кождый годъ поминки посылати, за пятнадцать тысячъ золотыхъ сукны, то есть, кождый поставъ сукна лiоньского за тридцать и за три золотыхъ черленыхъ. А тотъ поминокъ маетъ его милость царю посылати по половицы, то есть, на день святого Яна, мЪсяца Iюня 24 дня, а другую половицу поминку маетъ его милость ему посылати на день Всихъ Святыхъ, мЪсяца Ноября 1 дня.



It is especially noteworthy that all this takes place as late as the 16th century. There is no sign that the Grand Duchy of Lithuania even tried to get rid of its dependance on the Tatars.


Quote:
Originally Posted by Whiteruthenian
The text from post 3.
Quote:
Originally Posted by Whiteruthenian
This text is later confirmation of the text from post 2. No comments.

Post something else, please. It’s cool to read our historical documents just at the computer. (As I said once I am too lazy to go to library).

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Old Friday, September 29th, 2006
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Default Re: Ярлыки 16 в. Литве на управление украински&#

Concentrate? Okay, but you’d better chew everything for me. I’ll be thankful for it. I am already thankful for posting small fragments (It’s difficult to comment whole documents.)

Fragment 1 (“Ино первые цари, дяды наши blah-blah…”).
Don’t you think that a historical sensation should be based on more serious document than that one with four gaps? (In the most interesting place! ) May be I am too captious but those gaps don’t made its sense clearer. Personally I have a strong impression that the czar threatened those lands with terror if they would not be obedient to the Grand Duchy. And why did you (Austrvegr) decide that the Grand Duke pay tribute from them to the Horde? I feel lazy to find this place in the document myself. Will you find it for me?

Fragment 2 (“Къ тому тежъ царь… etc.”).
You wrote:
Quote:
In this text Sigizmund recognizes that most of his lands belong not to him but to the Horde and that he rules these lands on behalf of the Horde and pays tribute for them to the Horde. I would like to draw your attention to the fact that the Belarusian Polotsk is among the lands over which Sigizmund acknowledge Tatar overlordship.
A strange kind of unscience fiction. I don’t have the historical Belarusian dictionary at the moment but ‘во впокои держати’ probably means ‘to keep peace’ = ‘don’t attack’ don’t you think so? And that’s all. Any Sigizmund’s recognitions that most of his lands belong not to him etc. I don’t see there. Instead of the word ‘tribute’ is used the word ‘поминки’. Sigizmund says that he is going to reduce ‘поминки’ (or not to give them at all) if Sahip-Girey’s soldiers cause some trouble and Sahip-Girey don’t recompense for damage. Besides he tells Sahip-Girey not to send many representatives and again threatens to reduce ‘поминки’ if he does it. In general the tone of the answer doesn’t seem humble (and it isn’t humble). I don’t know why Sigizmund preferred to give ‘pominki’ instead of starting war. May be he just believed that it was more cheap to give some pominki than to run expensive and exhausting war. It sounds quite reasonable. Realpolitik, you know.

So don’t let your imagination rule yourself, comrade. Regards.
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© Dr. Jan Stankievič "Ź historyji Biełarusi"
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Old Monday, October 2nd, 2006
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Default Re: Ярлыки 16 в. Литве на управление украински&#

Quote:
Originally Posted by Whiteruthenian
Concentrate? Okay, but you’d better chew everything for me. I’ll be thankful for it. I am already thankful for posting small fragments (It’s difficult to comment whole documents.)

Fragment 1 (“Ино первые цари, дяды наши blah-blah…”).
Don’t you think that a historical sensation
It is no historical sensation. It is all very well known to historians. Read this once again, if you have foregotten: Украина, Литва и Орда

Quote:
Originally Posted by Whiteruthenian
should be based on more serious document than that one with four gaps? (In the most interesting place! ) May be I am too captious but those gaps don’t made its sense clearer.
But what has been preserved is as clear as it can be.

Ино первые цари, дяды наши, и царь отецъ нашъ пожаловалъ которыми ярлыки, а потомъ и мы которымъ ярлыкомъ пожаловали, милуючи, Жикгимонта брата нашого, въ Литовской земли столецъ ему дали есмо...

English translation: The first khans, our grandfathers, and the khan our father granted yarlyks, and then we granted the yarlyk by way of mercy to our brother Zhikgimont, giving him a throne in the Lithuanian land...



Quote:
Originally Posted by Whiteruthenian
Personally I have a strong impression that the czar threatened those lands with terror if they would not be obedient to the Grand Duchy. And why did you (Austrvegr) decide that the Grand Duke pay tribute from them to the Horde? I feel lazy to find this place in the document myself. Will you find it for me?
по первому жъ сполна дани и выходы и службу

English translation: Tributes, levies and services at first demand...



Quote:
Originally Posted by Whiteruthenian
Fragment 2 (“Къ тому тежъ царь… etc.”).
You wrote:

A strange kind of unscience fiction. I don’t have the historical Belarusian dictionary at the moment but ‘во впокои держати’ probably means ‘to keep peace’ = ‘don’t attack’ don’t you think so? And that’s all. Any Sigizmund’s recognitions that most of his lands belong not to him etc. I don’t see there. Instead of the word ‘tribute’ is used the word ‘поминки’.
Hrushevs'kyi puts it quite clearly:

Зрештою дещо подібне було таки запропоноване ханови иньшим разом: в. кн. Олександр по погромі Шах-Ахмата годив ся платити кримському ханови вічну дань під делїкатнїйшою назвою „поминків” і відступити ханови ті землї, на які він претендував.
http://litopys.org.ua/hrushrus/iur40404.htm



Quote:
Originally Posted by Whiteruthenian
Sigizmund says that he is going to reduce ‘поминки’ (or not to give them at all) if Sahip-Girey’s soldiers cause some trouble and Sahip-Girey don’t recompense for damage. Besides he tells Sahip-Girey not to send many representatives and again threatens to reduce ‘поминки’ if he does it. In general the tone of the answer doesn’t seem humble (and it isn’t humble). I don’t know why Sigizmund preferred to give ‘pominki’ instead of starting war. May be he just believed that it was more cheap to give some pominki than to run expensive and exhausting war. It sounds quite reasonable. Realpolitik, you know.

So don’t let your imagination rule yourself, comrade. Regards.
I base my opinions on historical sources and works of renowned historians. Here are some more quotations from Hrushevs'kyi for you to read:

Вел. князївство Литовське дістало свої відносини до Татар, можна сказати, в спадщинї з українськими землями разом. Вище я казав уже, що Любарт, переймаючи спадщину Юрия-Болєслава, мусїв заразом упорядкувати свої відносини до Татарської орди, що признавала за собою певні права зверхности на галицько-волинські землї. Мусїв оплачувати ся певними контрібуціями, як оплачували ся й иньші литовські князї з тих українських земель, які Татари уважали собі підвластними, і як оплачувало ся також і польське правительство — Казимир наприклад, коли хотїв бути в згодї з Татарами 2).

Але по за хвилеву, хоч і імпозантну демонстрацію, на щось більше правительство литовсько-польське не спромогло ся й зараз вернуло ся на стару утоптану стежку переговорів, задобрювань і підкупів кримського двора. Київський погром воно складало на боже попущеннє і за цїну приязни в будучности готово було вважати сей погром за річ маловажну: „што ся тоє дЂло межи нами стало — над Києвом, ино то стало ся божий гнЂвъ за грехъ, хотябы и ты, цару, к тому помочником не былъ — однакъ было тому городу гореть, и тымъ людемъ погынуть, коли на нихъ божий гнЂвъ пришолъ. А з божои ласки у насъ єсть городовъ и волостей и людей досить. Ты пакъ прислалъ посла и усказалъ речи свои, што с нами хочеш жить по тому какъ и отецъ твой и хочешъ намъ прислать сына своєго — ино коли твой сынъ будетъ у насъ, тогды будемъ за одно” 9).

З 1504 р., що правда, не маємо згадок про значнїйші татарські напади 34), за те 1505 р. принїс нові страхи татарських спустошень: зимою впали татарські орди і з незбувалою ще сьміливістю загнали ся в Білу Русь, пустошачи околицї Минська і Новгородка, загоняючи ся під Полоцьк і Витебськ, як каже лїтописець. Заохочені удачею, на другий рік, весною, вона не тільки повторили свій наїзд за Припеть, але запустили ся за Нїман, в Литву. Сей раз їм вправдї тут не пощастило: Мих. Глинський, заступаючи гетьмана, сильно тодї погромив їх під Клецьком. Але се нїчого не змінило в дальших відносинах. Иньші татарські загони таки того ж року пустошили Поділє й Галичину 35).
Таким чином з кінцем XV в. прийшло ся українським землям, завдяки дурній полїтицї і безрадности польсько-литовського правительства — Казимира й його синів, випити чашу, якої ще на памяти історії вони не знали. Нї печенїзький погром, нї половецька гроза XI в., анї походи Бату не обіймали такої величезної території анї дорівнювали інтензивністю своєю руїнним наслїдкам сеї нової грози, приспореної як раз тими чинниками, що в представленню новійшої польської історіоґрафії виступають оборонцями українських земель від „татарської дичи”, її цивілїзаторами й культіваторами.

Литовське правительство навіть і таких проб не робило. Всї його заходи властиво обмежали ся будовою, чи то відновлюваннєм зруйнованих українських замків. А поза тим тільки шукали ріжних способів уласкавити Менґлї-ґерая. Висилаючи по страшних спустошеннях 1498-1500 р. послом до Менґлї-ґерая київського воєводу Дмитра Путятича, Олександр навіть зробив таку пропозицію, що в. кн. буде платити з кождого чоловіка в землях Київській, Волинській і Подільській (Браславській) ханови річно по три деньги, аби тільки він не нападав на землї в. князївства й був його союзником на в. кн. московського! 40) Що правда, ся пропозиція до Менґлї-ґерая не дійшла, бо кн. Дмитро умер перше, нїж до Криму вибрав ся; але для Олександра й його правительства вона через те не перестає бути в високій мірі характеристичною. Зрештою дещо подібне було таки запропоноване ханови иньшим разом: в. кн. Олександр по погромі Шах-Ахмата годив ся платити кримському ханови вічну дань під делїкатнїйшою назвою „поминків” і відступити ханови ті землї, на які він претендував 41). Розумієть ся, така податливість і безрадність, як я вже сказав, в очах степового дикуна, що вмів шанувати тільки силу і оборотність, викликали легковаженнє, і вони дїйсно на завсїди закорінили в Татарах зневагу й погорду до Польсько-литовської держави, до її сил і поваги.

З 1493 р. маємо перший більший похід в стилї пізнїйших козацьких: черкаський староста, якийсь Богдан, як зве його татарська реляція, напав на Очаків, поруйнував, забрав залогу й усяку здобичу 42). Правительство сього козаковання анї думало підтримувати, навпаки бояло ся його, щоб воно не розгнівало Менґлї-ґерая. На скарги Менґлї воно поручило відшукувати заграблені річи, й т. и., а що до Очакова — то замість думати про зруйнованнє його, волїло пропонувати ханови відступного: в 1492 р. Олександр обіцяв заплатити Менґлі-ґераю кошти будови Очакова, аби вивів звідти свою залогу 43). Менґлї-ґерай, розумієть ся, на се не пристав. На другий рік по тому, став ся той Богданів напад, але правительство литовське використати його не постарало ся й нїчого не зробило, аби перешкодити Менґлї-ґераю відбудувати Очаків.
http://litopys.org.ua/hrushrus/iur404.htm

No Realpolitik, but kissing Tatar ass. As simple as that, comrade.

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Old Saturday, October 7th, 2006
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Default Re: Ярлыки 16 в. Литве на управление украински&#

Quote:
Originally Posted by Austrvegr
Ино первые цари, дяды наши, и царь отецъ нашъ пожаловалъ которыми ярлыки, а потомъ и мы которымъ ярлыкомъ пожаловали, милуючи, Жикгимонта брата нашого, въ Литовской земли столецъ ему дали есмо...

English translation: The first khans, our grandfathers, and the khan our father granted yarlyks, and then we granted the yarlyk by way of mercy to our brother Zhikgimont, giving him a throne in the Lithuanian land...

Exactly this sentence sounded sensationally to me. You know (Austrvegr), I passed the examinations in Belarusian history twice and the examination in Polish history once and I have never been told about the ‘assignment’ of the Grand Dukes by any khan. May be the large-scale conspiracy of cannibalish chauvinistic Belarusian and Polish historians takes place? Naturally I decided to consult a professional historian about that and this is the answer from him:
Quote:
Originally Posted by Вячеслав Носевич
Dear Whiteruthenian,

You shouldn’t take contents of diplomatic documents too literally. Very often political ambitions reflect in them, not a real status quo. For khans of the Crimea Horde it was very important to show that they gave yarlyks on reigning in Ruthenian lands, just like khans of the Golden Horde, hence they were plenipotentiary successors of it. In exchange for that vague satisfaction of vanity they promised quite real things – the military help against Muscovy, for instance. And Žygimont in that case accepted that doubtful honour of ‘assignment’ to the throne which already belonged to him – for him additional troops were more important than ambitions.

With respect,
В. Носевич
So, indeed, it is not a historical sensation, just Menhli-Girey’s hilarious self-aggrandizement.
Quote:
Originally Posted by Austrvegr
Quote:
Originally Posted by Whiteruthenian
And why did you (Austrvegr) decide that the Grand Duke pay tribute from them to the Horde? I feel lazy to find this place in the document myself. Will you find it for me?
по первому жъ сполна дани и выходы и службу

English translation: Tributes, levies and services at first demand...

Uh huh, the document is full of those expressions but for some reason they end with the words ‘we have given [the lands with tributes and services on the first demand etc.] to the Lithuanian throne’ (къ Литовскому столцу придали есмо), because that entire document is nothing but the direct threat to the inhabitants of the mostly southern (Ukrainian) lands of the Grand Duchy with terror in case they haven’t been obedient to the Grand Duchy. It isn’t okay to cheat, haven’t your mother told you that?

Hrushevs’kyi’s opinion is very interesting, but I haven’t found anything new there. I would say he is pretty emotional, but it’s okay, because he was a Ukrainian and wrote about Ukrainian history and naturally empathized with his people.

Do you know the expression ‘to buy loyalty of an ally’? You may believe that it is immoral but I think it’s moral. And it is much more ‘moral’ to buy neutrality of an enemy. Grand Dukes tried to do both those things (to buy neutrality of the enemy in order to make him an ally against the third side in that way). So what?

Besides, Russians are the last people in the world who have right to accuse somebody of “kissing Tatars’ asses” as you said.

Regards.
__________________
Quote:
“Every tree that bringeth not forth good fruit is hewn down, and cast into the fire.” (Matthew 7:19)
"[...] jak nie ad nas zaležyć vybirać sabie baćkoŭ, tak nie ad nas zaležyć vybirać sabie nacyju; možna tolki spaŭniać abo nie spaŭniać pavinnaści, vynikajučyja z prynaležnaści da svajho narodu.”
© Dr. Jan Stankievič "Ź historyji Biełarusi"
([…] just as it depends not on us to choose for ourselves parents, it depends not on us to choose for ourselves a nation; one can only perform or not perform the duties which are the consequence of belonging to his/her people)
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