
Monday, December 12th, 2005
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Grand Member
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Last Online: Monday, March 31st, 2008 14:26
Join Date: Jan 2005
Age: 26
Posts: 2,390
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Re: The Celts
First of all, M170 = Haplogroup I or Eu7.
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According to current theories the I Haplogroup arrived in Europe around 20,000-25,000 years ago from the Middle East. It is believed to be associated with the Gravettian culture.
During the last glacial maximum it is believed that this group temporarily migrated to the region of modern day Croatia before permanently migrating north.
There are also indications that this lineage is tied to the Celtic culture. The spread of the I group in western Europe is consistent with the Celtic expansion that occured in the mid-first millenium BC.
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Also:
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Hg I accounts for more than one-third of paternal lineages in two distinct regions of Europe: among Scandinavian populations and in the northwestern Balkans.
Relatively high frequencies are also characteristic of some French regions, like Low Normandy and southern France.
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Note this table for percentages:
http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/art...e=table&id=TB1
also:
Quote:
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Subhaplogroup I1a is mostly found in northern Europe, with its highest frequencies in Scandinavian populations, where it accounts for 88%–100% of Norwegian, Swedish, and Saami M170 lineages. I1a has a decreasing gradient from its peak frequency in Scandinavia toward both the Urals and the Atlantic periphery (fig. 1C). Its I1a4 subclade has been found mainly as single observations scattered in eastern and southeastern Europe. Since the Scandinavian Peninsula was completely depopulated during the LGM, two main European refugia, the Iberian Peninsula/southern France and the Ukraine/Central Russian Plain (Dolukhanov 2000), can be considered as possible source regions of Scandinavian I1a chromosomes. Although Hg I occurs in the Ukraine at a higher incidence (22%) than in western Europe (11% in France), the virtual absence in Scandinavia of the most represented eastern European I1b* subclade, together with the higher I1a microsatellite diversity background, point to western Europe as the source of the Scandinavian I1a chromosomes, since the STR diversity of I1a decreases from western to eastern Europe, showing a significant negative correlation (r=-0.63; significance level 0.99) with longitude. In France, I1a is the leading subclade, representing 45% of the Hg I lineages, which, however, occur in a focal rather than clinal pattern. Hg I is more frequent in Low Normandy (I = 23.8%; I1a = 11.9%) and southern France (I = 15.8%; I1a = 5.3%), whereas it has a much lower occurrence in the Poitier and Lyon interior regions (I = 4.0%; I1a = 2.0%). Interestingly, subclade I1a shows a distribution similar to the second PC of the synthetic maps based on classical genetic markers (Cavalli-Sforza et al. 1994) and reveals a significantly positive correlation with mtDNA haplogroups V and U5b (rV=0.47; rU5b=0.60; significance level 0.999), which have been suggested to mark a postglacial population expansion from Iberia
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Also note that, as i've said before, there can be no correlation between haplogroup and culture because cultures are mobile and interchangeable and cultural changes can occur with minimum impact on the gene pool, mainly due to commercial trading, micro-settlement, etc.
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