Even the Social Democrats wanted a union with Germany after WWI and Dollfuss spoke about "Austrians being the better Germans", just to make clear about what Austrian identity we speak about before WW2. Mainly the Communists had an idea of a "non-German Austria".
The Habsburgs were themselves a German aristocratic line and saw themselves as such until they lost first the title of the emperor of the Holy Roman Empire (because of Napoleon) and secondly their participation in the German Union ("smaller German solution" of Bismarck), to point to some dates of importance.
The question of Austria is never one of being "Austrian or German", but being either, like Bavarians and the like. However, the identity after WW2 was a different and if talking about many people of today in Austria, they have a complex if dealing with "Germans", first because they no longer belong to that "big brother" officially and secondly because they wanted not being associated with Germans after WW2 for obvious reasons ("first victim" etc.).
But before WW2 most Austrians which were against a union with Germany were simply against the current system and policy of Germany of that time, but it was no principal question. That it became just after WW2 and the following re-education and propaganda, which was not just "anti-Ns." in Austria, like in Germany, but also "anti-German", with a particular emphasis of an own independent identity and "not being German". The only pre-re-education base for this was the antipathy of Austrians and Southern Germans against the Prussians, the "Piefke". But then again this never applied to the same degree for Bavarians.
Inside of Austria are differences too, there is even an Allemanic part, namely Vorarlberg, which was originally closer to the Swiss-German than the Bavarian-Austrian South-Eastern flank. So after all things are more complicated, but the main reason for todays Austrians having a problem with their German ethnicity lies in the history of WW2 and the time afterwards and doesnt predate it in any case, since in the monarchy, todays Austrians were always just the Germans, as there were other ethnicities in the Habsburgian empire (Czechs, Slovenians etc.).
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There, the myth that is said to build the nation in fact opens a breech in the German identity
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Rather not actually. It was all about the post WW order, which was a question of power (the allies had it) and goals. The reason Austrians had no big problem with "being no longer German" was that they had too much problems while being part of Germany, namely the war, the destruction, the bombs, the hunger, the dead soldiers and civilians - high losses, and of course the stigma of "being German" which was nothing to be proud about in the Allied propaganda. So they were not alienated because of the Ns. "racial standards", but because of the reality and policy of post WW2 Europe.