[Menydh]

References

1. F. Braudel, The Mediterranean and the Mediterranean World in the Age of Philip II, vol. 2, Harper & Row Books, New York, 1973, p. 1103.
2. K. Çelebi, Tuhfetü’l Kibar fi Esfari’l Bihar cit., p. 92.
3. M. Solakzade, Tarih-i Solakzade, Mahmud Bey Matbaası, I·stanbul, 1297 (1879), p. 593.
4. The only specific treatment of the consequences of the Lepanto defeat upon the Ottoman Empire is by Andrew Hess, who contextualizes the event within its Mediterranean framework, challenging the traditional assumptions of European historiography, including those of Braudel (A. Hess, The Battle of Lepanto and Its Place in Mediterranean History, «Past and Present», n. 57, 1972, pp. 53-73).
5. H. I·nalcık, The Ottoman Empire, the Classical Age, 1300-1600, Phoenix, London, 1994, p. 31.
6. A prebend bestowed by a sultanic diploma on the commander of timariot sipahis in a district, conventionally from 20,000 to 100,000 akça (Liva-yı I·nebahtı: hass-ı mir-i liva üç yüz akçadır. Zeamet on üç, tımar iki yüz seksen yedidir).
7. A prebend acquired through a sultanic diploma, consisting as a rule of state
   taxes in return for regular military service, the amount of which conventionally was below 20,000 akça.
8. For the status of frontiers in the Ottoman Empire see C. Heywood, The Frontier in Ottoman History: Old Ideas and New Myths, in D. Power and N. Standen (eds.), Frontiers in Question, Eurasian Borderlands, 700-1700, Macmillan Press, London, 1999, pp. 228-250.
9. E. Özveren, O. Yıldırım, An Outline of Ottoman Maritime History, in G. Harlaftis and C. Vassallo (eds.), Research in Maritime History: New Directions in Mediterranean Maritime History, St. John’s, Newfoundland, 2004, pp. 147-170.
10. K. Çelebi, Tuhfetü’l Kibar fi Esfari’l Bihar cit., p. 34.
11. For an imperial order that was sent to the bey of Lepanto for the recruitment of oarsmen (kürekçi) in 1565 see Prime Ministry’s Ottoman Archives (Bas'bakanlık Osmanlı Arsivi/BOA), Registers of Important Affairs (Mühimme Defterleri), Register Book n. 5, p. 247.
12. Selaniki Mustafa Efendi, Tarih-Selaniki, Matbaa-i Amire, I·stanbul, 1281 (1864), p. 49: «when the news arrived about the preparedness of the enemy fleet for confrontation and that the confrontation was inevitable, warriors from the fortresses and auxiliary footmen [from the district] were collected with difficulty and by forceful means».
13. R. M. Dawkins published a note on a colored picture of the battle of Lepanto painted by an ordained monk, one Lawrence, at some monastery of St. Athanasios at the request of a man who attributed his escape from death in the gift to the good offices of St. Spyridon, the great saint of Corfu. The picture dated 1571 has the following inscription on the back: «The Battle of Lepanto in which the Venetians destroyed the fleet of the Hagarenes (i.e. the Turks) and [...] was blockaded and St. Spyridon of Kerkyra saved him». The way the Turks were represented in this painting is quite instructive so as to catch a glimpse of the general public opinion of the local populations concerning Ottoman rulers. R. M. Dawkins, A Picture of the Battle of Lepanto, «The Journal of Hellenic Studies», vol. 50, Part 1, 1930, pp. 1-3.
14. Prime Ministry’s Ottoman Archives (Bas'bakanlık Osmanlı Arsivi/BOA), Registers of Important Affairs (Mühimme Defterleri), Register Book n. 9, p. 228.
15. R. Mantran, XVI-XVIII. Yüzyıllarda Osmanlı I·mparatorlugu, (trans.) M. A. Kılıçbay, I·mge Kitabevi, Ankara, 1995, pp. 92-93.
16. H.I·nalcık, The Ottoman State: Economy and Society, 1300-1600, in H. I·nalcık, D. Quataert (eds.), An Economic and Social History of the Ottoman Empire, 1300-1914, Cambridge Universiy Press, Cambridge, 1993, pp. 331-335.
17. For a detailed discussion and documentation of the details in this section see H.I·nalcık, Lepanto in the Ottoman Documents, in G. Benzoni (ed.), Il Mediterraneo nella seconda metà del ‘500 alla luce di Lepanto, Olschki, Firenze, 1974.
18. The document published by I·. H. Uzunçars, Kıbrıs Fethi ile Lepanto (I·nebahtı) Muharebesi, «Türkiyat Mecmuası», vol. 3, 1935, doc. 31.
19. Selaniki Mustafa Efendi, Tarih-i Selaniki cit., p. 104; K. Çelebi, Tuhfetü’l Kibar fi Esfari’l Bihar cit., p. 92.
20. H. I·nalcık, Lepanto in the Ottoman Documents cit., p. 190.
21. K. Çelebi, Tuhfetü’l Kibar fi Esfari’l Bihar cit., p. 92.
22. . B. Potter (ed.), Sea Power: A Naval History, Englewood Cliffs, Prentice Hall, Inc, N.J., 1960, pp. 16-17. Cfr. F. Braudel, The Mediterranean and the Mediterranean World cit., vol. II, pp. 1088-1142.
23. This document is cited by H. I·nalcık, Lepanto in the Ottoman Documents cit., pp. 190-191.
24. Peçevi, Tarih-i Peçevi, vol. I, Matbaa-i Amire, I·stanbul, 1283 (1864), p. 260.
25. A. Hess, The Battle of Lepanto and its Place in Mediterranean History cit., passim.
26. H. I·nalcık, The Ottoman State: Economy and Society, 1300-1600 cit., p. 334.
27. R. C. Anderson, Naval Wars in the Levant, 1559-1853, Princeton University Press, Princeton, 1952, pp. 8-54; W. H. McNeill, Europe’s Steppe Frontier, 1500-1800, A Study of the Eastward Movement in Europe, University of Chicago Press, Chicago, 1964, p. 55.
28. R. C. Jennings, Christians and Muslims in Ottoman Cyprus and the Mediterranean World, 1571-1640, New York University Press, New York, 1993, p. 5.
29. K. Çelebi, Tuhfetü’l Kibar fi Esfari’l Bihar cit.
30. Peçevi, Tarih-i Peçevi cit.
31. M. Solakzade, Tarih-i Solakzade, Mahmud Bey Matbaası, I·stanbul, 1297 (1879), pp. 593-594.
32. Selaniki Mustafa Efendi, Tarih-i Selaniki cit.
33. James I, who came to the English throne in 1603 wrote a poem on Lepanto in 1583. He defined the conflict as one «Betwixt the babtiz’d race, / And circumcised Turband Turkes» thus gave the poem, as Nebil Matar argues, a religious polorization. James I was known for his anti-Muslim and anti-Catholicism which prompted the English representative in Morocco to urge him to undertake a war against that country. James I did not attack Morocco but signed a peace treaty with Spain in which Spain and England agreed to a common resistance of the Turks, the common enemy of Christendom. N. Matar, Turks, Moors & Englishmen in the Age of Discovery, Columbia University Press, New York, 1999, pp. 143-144.
34. H. I·nalcık, The Ottoman State: Society and Economy, 1300-1600 cit, p. 365.
35. Prime Ministry’s Ottoman Archives (Bas'bakanlık Osmanlı Arsivi/BOA), Registers of Important Affairs (Mühimme Defterleri), Register Book n. 21, p. 165, 14 Zilkade 980 (April 1573).
36. R. C. Jennings, Christians and Muslims in Ottoman Cyprus and the Mediterranean World cit., p. 5.
37. The conversation is quoted by I·. H. Uzunçars, Osmanlı Tarihi, II. Selim’in Tahta Çıkıs'ından 1699 Karlofça Andlas masına Kadar, vol. III, part I, Türk Tarih Kurumu Basımevi, Ankara, 1983.

Note: most of the Turkish characters are messed up